People’s support and involvement are critical to the sustainable use and conservation of social-ecological systems (SESs). Integrating people’s values into management decisions is pivotal. Without proper integration, the resulting SES may not align with their desires and may not be supported by people. Furthermore, values can be a deep leverage point within a system that is difficult to change, as people may be more willing to be involved in activities that support what they value. Recent studies have illustrated the importance of relational values as the third value class (in addition to instrumental and intrinsic). Relational values are preferences, principles, and virtues associated with human-nature relationships. Although studies on relational values are available, empirical studies, particularly studies about the usefulness of relational values in promoting pro-SES behavior, are rare. Consequently, our study administered questionnaires to residents in three SESs in Japan (N = 864, 1136, and 1000, respectively) to understand how relational values impact people’s support and involvement in SES management as measured by pro-SES behavior scales. In addition, due to the lack of pro-SES behavior measurements, we developed measurement items and a development guideline. Our findings support previous theoretical discussions positing that relational values are critical as a single value class or as part of the plural values and need to be integrated into SES management decisions to gain people’s support. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that cultivating relational values could promote pro-SES behavior to realize a desirable state of SES. Although from the viewpoint of residents, relational values overlapped with instrumental and intrinsic values; however, as per theoretical discussions, the results indicated that relational values were important in their own right as they were well associated with pro-SES behavior scales. The findings were similar across the three SESs, with different social-ecological characteristics. In summary, managers must integrate relational values into management decisions to gain people’s support and should cultivate relational values to promote pro-SES behavior, in order to realize a desirable state of SES.

Social-ecological system (SES) management requires targets to move in a desirable direction. However, setting targets at the outset of a management program is challenging. People representing the demand side are not always aware of the benefits of nature that are desirable. Simultaneously, managers-who represent the supply side-have limited scientific information. Therefore, we propose an adaptive SES management matrix (ASESMM) using soft targets that are temporary and hypothetical because such targets cannot be fixed at the outset. By compiling both demand- and supply-side perspectives, the ASESMM helps managers choose feasible and desirable management practices. Ecosystem services' (ESs) classifications were adopted to capture the benefits and used as soft targets that can change over time. This ASESMM was developed by applying it to a Japanese coastal zone in consultation with the relevant stakeholders to maintain its practical value. A narrative analysis substantiated the lack of peoples' recognition of nature's benefits and the influence of ES information on that recognition. It also substantiated the comprehensiveness of the ESs' classifications. Moreover, the application revealed its usefulness for realizing satoumi, a Japanese concept of social-ecological production seascapes, as it might help managers enhance synergies as well as minimize the trade-offs associated with prioritized ESs. Although it was applied to a seascape in this study, the ASESMM can be applied to any SES management site in general, including landscapes.

In fishing villages in Japan, a maritime nation, depopulation and the super aging phenomenon are proceeding rapidly, which is an unprecedentedly serious situation. To consider conservation and maintenance of coastal zones as not only an issue for fishermen, who account for 0.2% of the Japanese population, but an issue for all Japanese people, it might be effective to socially realize the concept of Satoumi, by aiming to cooperate with local residents. The Japanese term, Satoumi, refers to coastal zones that have sound bioproductivity and biodiversity through human activities, which are composed of five elements. Three factors support the conservation and revitalization of coastal zones: material circulation, ecosystems, and communication. The other two facilitate the realization of Satoumi: the field of activities and the executors of this activity.

商店街の活性化を支える制度の変遷と課題を検討するとともに、活性化の主体となるまちづくり会社の機能について検討した。

ミナミマグロの養殖事業を対象に、価値連鎖の構造とそれを担う経済主体間の関係を中心に、ビジネスシステムの構造的特徴を明らかにした。

海洋基本法の設立によって規定された海洋基本計画とその中で提起された「里海」概念の有効性と限界を指摘した。

瀬戸内海などの閉鎖性水域における漁業資源管理の特徴と課題、および最近の研究動向を整理した。

豪州におけるマグロ養殖の手順と産業構造の特徴を分析し、一箇所の産地に生産や関連産業、研究機関が集中していること、その背景、およびそれが競争優位につながる可能性のあることを示した。

2001

A simple method was developed for analysing the regulation effects in multiple fisheries exploiting one stock competitively, with special reference to the red sea bream stock in the Chikuzenkai. This method is applicable when fisheries are stable from year to year in spite of recruitment fluctuation and when natural mortality rates, individual growth and prices of catches are yearly unchanged.
Two types of fishery production (yield per recruit and fishing revenue per recruit by fishery) were evaluated from an arbitrary cohort, whose values are the same among different cohorts. The sensitivities of such relative production against a reduction in the fishing intensity of a specific fishery were calculated.
Regulation of a particular fishery for the young red sea bream of 0 and 1 year old will benefit other fisheries. Such regulation at specific ages in months will even increase production of the regulated fishery itself.

In the Chikuzenkai catch statistics by age and fishery were prepared on red sea bream and stock size was estimated using the cohort analysis in order to get fundamental information on the management.
The ages in the catches ranged from 0 to 6 years old with composition extremely skewed to the younger ages less than 3 which were exploited mainly by one-boat gochi net (surrounding seine) and two-boat gochi net. The older fish were exploited by angling, longline and bottom gillnet.
The number of fish recruited at July of age 0 (three months old) were estimated to be 22-34 millions from 1978 to 1982. The mean survival rates were 24% to age 1, 7% to age 2, 2% to age 3. Reduction of the high fishing pressure to the younger fish was suggested to increase the catches of the older and larger fish.

世界のマグロ養殖業の実態を分析するとともに、主要生産国におけるマグロ養殖業のビジネスシステムを比較分析し、持続的なマグロ養殖業を構築するための要件を抽出した。

水産業活性化の手段として注目されている水産物ブランド化の理論を整理するとともに、先行事例を分析し、実践的な課題を提示する。

主要生産国におけるマグロ養殖業の生産状況とビジネスシステムを整理し、比較分析することにより、持続的な経営を行うためのビジネスシステムの要件について明らかにした。

漁村の特徴を整理し、漁村地域における新しい産業のあり方を経営学の手法を通して検討し、交流事業をプラットフォームにした事業コンプレックスの構築の必要性と仕組みを提起した。

福岡県有明海におけるノリ養殖漁場で発生していた漁場賃貸借問題の発生過程について分析し、賃貸借を発生させた経済的合理性について検討した。

大手量販店のイオンと県単独漁協のJFしまねによる水産物の直接取引の内容を分析し、水産物の地域流通の再編を引き起こしている状況を提起した。

海洋基本法・海洋基本計画によって提起された「里海」を支える制度と社会科学的な特徴について明らかにした。

日本における沿岸域と管理の制度および利用と管理の特徴を整理するとともに、新たな概念である「里海」の有効性と課題と論じた。

主要国におけるマグロ養殖業のビジネスシステムを比較し、マグロ養殖業のビジネスシステムを構成する要素を抽出した。

主要国におけるマグロ養殖業のビジネスシステムの変化を、流通市場の変化と対応させてとらえた。

マグロ養殖業が需給ともに不確実な変動を緩和するためのビジネスシステムについて、その特徴を検討した。

主要国におけるマグロ養殖業のビジネスシステムを、経済主体間の関係から分析し、その特徴を明らかにした。

オーストリアの養殖ミナミマグロを対象とした養殖マグロ事業のビジネスシステムを価値連鎖の考え方を用いて分析した。

The purpose of this study was to develop a sustainability assessment framework for coastal areas. This study revealed four points. First, we reviewed the concept of Satoumi, which has been used in various ways. Second, we have developed the "adaptive SES management matrix (ASESMM)" for the adaptive management of diverse and changing ecosystem services provided by coastal areas. Third, we developed sets of behavioral items for creating Satoumi, and explored the relationship between the relational values and the Satoumi creation behavior. Fourth, we proposed the coastal area management system and management measures, especially from the perspective of a multi-stage management system.

Based on the case studies of coastal management and theoretical examination of network governance, we devised a multi-level management system consisting of activities such as Satoumi creation, Satoumi network, coastal infrastructure and water area collaboration, and analysis framework. By using this framework, we conducted analysis and evaluation on coastal management in Omura Bay. In addition, in order to evaluate the sustainability, we evaluated the management indicators listed in the management plan using the causal loop diagram, and estimated the blessing for Omura Bay and the rent of the fishery resources through the workshop. Furthermore, from the literature survey and the questionnaire survey to the management organizations, we examined stock indexes in the case where the environmental management activities required for the sustainability assessment using the Comprehensive Wealth Index (IWI) were taken as a flow.

In Japan, instead of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM), Satoumi led by regional residents cooperating with relevant local governments have been increasing. With Satoumi as a basic component, I have formulated a hypothesis of multistage management system like as follows. Coastal management has a hierarchical governance structure like the following three layers. Firstly, Satoumi becomes the most basic layer led by regional residents supported by or cooperating with local governments. As the second layer, the network of Satoumi covers critical points of a prefecture area. As the third layer, a prefecture government supplies infrastructures of coastal environment. Complex of these three layers cooperated by supporting initiatives becomes effective system to over a prefecture area. In the case of a wider area beyond prefectural jurisdiction, the central government integrates infrastructures supplied by prefectures and facilitates Satoumi and its networks.

The unavoidable challenges of industries dealing with natural products like cultured tuna are dual uncertainties from both sides of supply and demand. In order to make the tuna aquaculture industry sustainable, it is necessary to manage these uncertainties well. The purpose of this research is to extract the necessary conditions of the business systems to make the tuna aquaculture industry adapt to the supply side uncertainty, through comparison with the representative producers in the main producing countries. The supply side uncertainty is dealt with through the fisheries resource management at sea, the stock management in the growing pens, the inventory management in super low temperature freezing storages, and the store inventory management at retailers. In terms of fisheries resource management, well-organized management consisting of the Individual Transferable Quotas system (ITQ) and an inspecting system has been carried out in Australia. It is thought that Australian producers have a competitive advantage because of the ITQ and by catching origin tuna within Australian territorial sea. Next to Australia, in Spain, the fisheries management scheme targeting the Mediterranean tuna stock has been introduced and developed by ICCAT. In Mexico and Japan, such a management scheme has yet to be implemented. Categorizing the business system of each producing country from the viewpoint of the relationship among business entities supporting the value-chain, these systems are separated into two types : the reinforced origin tuna catching type ; and the integrated producing and marketing type. The Australian case is the former and the Spanish and Japanese cases are the latter. The Mexican Case 1 is the latter and Case 2 is the former. Comparing each performance, the Mexican Case 1 shows the highest performance, and Case 2 shows the second highest performance record. In order to deal with the uncertainty of the supply side effectively, the business system has to include both components of the integrated producing and marketing type and the reinforced origin tuna catching type. Decidedly, to overcome the uncertainties on the supply side, the strategic perspective of each entity needs to be harmonized, and a cooperative relationship needs to be established in order to clear up each uncertainty.

The coastal zone is a complex natural system consisting of a marine and a terrestrial environment. It is used excessively by a variety of coastal users because of its important resources and its unique environment. Thus, the need for successful coastal zone management arises. However, there is no best solution for users involved in the coastal zone because the goals of coastal zone management vary for all users and the authorities concerned. A large number of attempts have been carried out in many coastal states to build optimal coastal zone management. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to why and how a successful coastal zone management has developed in a particular region or district. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the development of regional coastal zone management system based on several case studies carried out in Japan. Several development stages are observed and their characteristics are described. The mechanism of the transition is also analyzed. The author also proposes a circuit model that explains transformational changes in management system by focusing on knowledge creation. The model can provide a useful evolutionary design for adaptive management by creating, transforming and introducing knowledge autonomously. The author believes that the model can be a unique and useful tool for designing a local coastal zone management system. This study may be the first to document a knowledge-based approach to coastal zone management.

This research was intended to examine the current situation of the "alternative trade," and then to provide a theoretical framework for an alternative way of international trade other than the conventional free trade advocated by WTO and FTA. To achieve this end, we carried out field research on banana and shrimp production in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Philippine, and Vietnam, together with Taiwan. In Thailand and Philippines, there are some attempts to create fair relationship between local producers and Japanese consumers through the trade of herbicide-free bananas on the basis of affiliation between producer-cooperatives and consumer-cooperatives. Meanwhile, shrimp production and marketing in these countries were largely carried out by individual entrepreneurs as a profitable business. Although there are trials of eco-friendiy shrimp production in some countries, it is difficult to find the emergence of alternative trade of shrimp as an integrated system of production, marketing, and consumption. On the other hand, in European countries, especially in UK, there is a remarkable development of alternative trade of agricultural produces such as coffee and tea, and the commodities dealt under the name of "fair trade," as they call it, account for as two to three percents of total share of marketing. This feet suggests that we have now reached to the point to consider the "commercial" aspects of the altemative trade.

Monitoring coastal environment, particularly landscape and vegetation on coasts and beaches, is considered to be important because they change rapidly and drastically due to the natural cycle and artificial pressures. Several monitoring tools for the coastal zone environment have been developed to date. However, most of them require heavy instrument and are often lacks cost effectiveness. In order to achieve cheaper and handy spatial monitoring, we developed video and camera recoding devices attached to a motor-powered paraglider. It can provide clear and sharp photographic data from very low to relatively high altitude. The resolution of the data is down to 5cm depending on its altitude and recording device. The experiment and development of monitoring equipment were carried out in 1999 and 2000 to test its efficiency and effectiveness. The results showed that the photographic data could be utilized for image analysis, for example measuring changes in coastal vegetation, monitoring artificial alternation on foreshore and counting litters on beaches. It also demonstrates cost effectiveness because motor-powered paraglider flights do not cost very much in comparison to ordinary aerial photograph by helicopters and airplanes. This monitoring method can be used for NPO and NGO to track changes in coastal environment regularly with relatively lower cost. Furthermore, the photos taken by this device can be amalgamated and attached to the map by using Arc view GIS software based on the positioning data obtained from a camera or VTR that is equipped with DGPS (differential global positioning system).