For the consumption-loan planning in the experimental economics, this paper proposes the EDA (Estimation of Distribution Algorithm) using Hamming distance in order to avoid convergence on a local solution. The EDA with Hamming distance restrains the quantitative change in a solution structure on the processes of EDA.

Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association develops a puzzle-like programming game “Algologic” aiming to experience the concept of an algorithm for inexperienced programming learners. This is simple puzzle game aiming at solving a problem by automatically controlling a robot. The user designs an autonomous robot by selecting some of the instruction blocks, arranging the blocks in an appropriate order, and giving them to the robot. Before university students learn the basic of programming, with this programming puzzle game, we conducted a test to determine whether algorithms each student gave to the robot were correct or not. Likewise, after students have learned the basic of programming, we conducted a comprehension test to clarify the reachability. In this paper, we aim to investigate the relation between the comprehension of Algologic and the achievement degree of students after learning of programming and report the analysis result. Analysis results revealed that the results of Algologic test and the achievement results after learning programming were significantly in a positive relationship.

This paper considers optimal production scheduling of an agricultural product to find the best matching between farmers and retailers with contract. It is important to construct the agricultural production system to hold the win-win relationship among all stakeholders in terms of sustainability. Therefore, in this paper, a multiobjective programming problem for the sustainable agricultural supply chain management is formulated to both find the optimal matching between farmers and retailers. It is generally difficult to obtain the best solution for all stakeholders directly. Therefore, Bellman-Zadeh approach is introduced, and the efficient algorithm to obtain these optimal solutions is also developed.

The consecutive meals planning is a combinatorial optimization problem that determines a meals plan in one period consisting of consecutive days. This paper proposes an evaluation function using a moving entropy for this problem. The function measures the appearance order of meal’s characteristics on the plan. In the numerical experiments, we apply a permutation GA to the problem. We show that our meals plan is a good solution with large variation of appearance order of meal’s characteristics for the consecutive meals planning.

In recent years, as information equipment has become multi-functional, an easy-to-use interface has been demanded. Particularly, an interface design that can be operated intuitively is urgently required. Therefore, we have re-examined this problem from the point of view of familiarity and organization along the flow of execution of user behavior. After reviewing patterns that combine the recognition and operation by a user, we classified interfaces into four types. As a result, we have clarified the characteristics and requirements of an intuitive interface design guidelines.

This paper proposes a mathematical model of multi-period food supply chain optimization maximizing the total profit based on the data-driven approach from the information system. Our propose model is focused on accommodating surplus foods among stores in a regional area. Our proposed model is formulated as a stochastic programming problem. With respect to a previous model, the explicit optimal ordering quantity at each time slot is obtained. However,it is hard to solve the formulated problem directly. Therefore, a scenario-based approach derived from POS data using the information system and deterministic equivalent transformations are introduced to apply our proposed model.

Environmental and landscape conservation activities in tourism region are specified as one of the important strategy in the basic plan for promoting a tourism-oriented country showing measures to be token by the whole government. For example eco-friendly tourism style with green mobility is required which enhances to reduce the effects on the environment in tourism by saving of migration energy between sightseeing spots. This paper aims to show a utilization of multifunctional mobile communication device like smartphone for developing tourism destination based on mobility management. To guide tourists to green mobilities, this paper employs a mobile application of tourism routing assistance for Kyoto city which focuses on the determination of migration pathway and transportation. Public transportation of Kyoto city, especially city bus, is sufficiently provided, and there are many sightseeing spots in Kyoto city. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by the simulation results which can give various knowledge to develop sustainable tourist destination and to maintain coexistence with local community people. © 2014 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

The menu planning problem deals with determining the dishes on a menu that satisfy some nutritional constraints, preferences of an individual, cost of food, etc. while optimizing the given objective functions. Many researchers have studied "one-period" menu planning problems with linear programming. However, our focus is on a "multi-period" menu planning problem as a combinatorial optimization problem. In this paper, we propose the model of nutrition education as the objective function for this problem. Our model of nutrition education employs entropy based on the menu diversity and order of appearance for the multi-period menu. We apply an estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) to optimize this problem and then show that our algorithm has better ability to find good solutions.

Ambient information environments will lead to a large degree of interactions among the environment and human users through integrating heterogeneous services, devices, and networking elements. The main goal of such systems is to provide users with services they desire and improve their living situation. Generating ambient environments faces several challenges, such as designing the appropriate platforms and interfaces to realize human interactions. Furthermore, decision tasks in everyday life can be simplified to provide benefits to the user. In this paper we discuss the general concepts of ambient information environments and how to support decision making there by using rough sets.

We have developed a well-balanced menu planning system. to supply menu, to user's taste. Mainly, the system is using fuzzy theory, mathematical programming logic and rough set theory. First, the menu set which fulfills a user's partial menu conditions out of many menu databases using fuzzy reasoning is created. Next, rough set extracts a user's taste rule. This rough set uses the information system in consideration of fuzzy weight. And a menu is proposed with mathematical programming. The proposed menu is in consideration of a users taste and nutritive values.

The objective of this paper is to realize an efficient sampling method in. a rough set approach that distinguishes whether a subset can be classified in. the focal set or not. The algorithm of rough set model will be used to analyze samples obtained and in order to illustrate the method, we use some artificial data in this paper. As its application, we discuss public art and urban development. Also, the concept of the Creative City, proposed by Charles Landry, will be reviewed for urban innovators, policy makers. scientists and artists. City renaissance has played an increasingly important role in urban regeneration since the mid-1980s. However, recent developments have focused less on capital projects, and more on the arts activity to support community-led renewals. It is essential for researchers to pay more attention to the issue of the Creative City development. In this paper, the differentiation is examined whether the cities can be classified into a Creative City or not.

The objective of this paper is to realize a simple classification method in a rough set approach that distinguishes whether a subset can be classified in the target set or not. The algorithms of Rough Set will be used to analyze the data and in order to illustrate the method, we just use some artificial data in this paper. As its application, we discuss the aged society that should influences on policy making. The problem of aged society has become more and more severe all over the world. Almost all the countries have to face and solve this problem. In this problem the distinguish is done whether cities can be classified into an aged one or not.

本研究の目的は，地域で生産された農産物の食品ロスの削減，輸送などによる消費エネルギーの最小化，経営安定や供給安定の観点で生産者・食品小売業・消費者間のWin-Win関係を実現するための，持続可能な次世代農産物流通システムを構築することである． 2021年度はこの目的達成に向かう基盤づくりとして，以下の2点を重点的に実施してきた．
1．現在の農産物流通において，フードロスやエネルギーロスなど様々な問題が挙げられるが，実現場ではどの程度影響があるのかを，北関東を中心に展開する大手スーパーマーケットの物流担当者とディスカッションしながら，問題の洗い出しを行った．その中で，北関東で取れた野菜の多くが，東京の市場に運ばれたのちに北関東に戻ってきていること，および地域の流通現場では疲弊度合いが増しており，地域の流通を改善しなければ，消費者が求める食材が行き渡らなくなる可能性があること，などが課題として浮き彫りにされた．
2．農産物流通の先進的な取り組みとして実施されている「やさいバス」において，広島での取り組みに参画し，その実践内容を分析するとともに，今後どのような情報システム・数理的分析が必要となるかの洗い出しを行った．さらに，やさいバス以外にも，昨年度まで継続してきた基盤研究(B)で開発された農産物流通の情報システム・数理システム技術を活かした実応用を東広島市を中心に実施し，どのようなシステムを構築すればより効果的な生産者・食品小売業・消費者間のWin-Win関係を構築できるか，データ分析を行った．

令和3年度の課題は，学術的問である「チャンク単位でのコード読解の技能は有用である」ことの確認と，技術課題として，ハイライト表示と注目させたいチャンキング箇所以外の部分を非表示とする2方式のシステム開発である．チャンク単位でのコード読解技能を習得するための学習支援システムはGoogle Code Prettifyを用いて開発し，これを提案システムとした．提案システムは，コードをチャンク単位で区切り，学習者に現在学習者が読解すべきチャンクを順にひとつずつ表示する．チャンクを順に表示する機能については，学習者が次へボタンを押すことで次のチャンクを表示し，かつ，現在表示されていたチャンクを非表示にする．チャンク単位は教授者により決定される．Wangらによると，教授者が与えた空白行によるコードのセグメンテーションは模範と位置付けられている．よって，Wangらの主張に倣い機能を設計した．なお，読み込んだライブラリとmain関数の開始・終了のカーリーブラケットは常時表示するようにしている．読解対象個所とmain関数との関係を把握できるようにすることで，非表示に起因する負担を抑制できるよう配慮する．従来手法を用いたシステムは，学習者が着目(選択)する任意の一行に対し，依存関係のある個所(行)をハイライト表示する．依存関係のある命令とは，入力に依存せず静的スライシングで依存関係がみられた全ての命令を意味する．提案システムはHTML5に準拠したWebブラウザで動作する．学習環境をブラウザ上にすることで，学習者に環境構築の負担の軽減を狙いとしている．学習者は，着目すべきチャンク単位を前後させるための二つボタン操作のみ可能である．提案システムは読解技能の学習を支援するものであるため，学習者をコードの読解に集中させ，課題外在性認知負荷の発生を可能な限り軽減するため簡素なデザインと仕様にしている．

In this research, we design and develop interaction function to some compiler systems and implement feedback function of execution results for the card operation-based programming learning support system. Solving these issues will enable further learning support, such as reducing the load on professors, learning multi programming languages, and exploratory learning activities through the interaction with compiler. Furthermore, we can clarify research questions such as "Can the card operation-based programming learning support system enhance learning effectiveness in terms of motivation and time-to-learning efficiency by providing interaction function similar to actual programmming?" or "Is the card operation-based programming learning support system useful in implementing existing learning theories?"

生産者の経験と勘によるノウハウの蓄積、農作物の価値の向上を目指し、これまでに生産者、消費者、直売所を繋ぐモデルを作り、コミュニケーションツールとしての情報システムの構築をおこなってきた。しかし、農業就業者の6割以上が高齢者ということもあり、IT機器を活用する意識が低い現状であった。これまで行なった道の駅における実証実験においても利用率を上げることが課題となった。そこで、本研究では生産者と消費者を繋ぐ新しい情報の形をデザインしてきた。更に、農業分野にITを積極的に導入できるよう高齢者が直感的に操作でき、継続的な利用が可能なインタフェースデザインの研究を行ってきた。本年度は，特に生産者と消費者を繋ぐ新しい情報の形をデザインを行ってきた。生産者と消費者を繋ぐ新しい形の設計を行うためのヒアリング調査やアンケート調査を行い、高齢者に特化した認知的なUIの定義を行った。また，前システムとの比較・検証を行ってきた。更に、様々な企業との連携や協力をいただき、2つのタイプの異なる生産者と消費者を繋ぐ形をデザインし、実際に生産者と消費者に協力いただき実証実験を行った。今後は、これらの実験から集まったデータの評価基準の数値化、数理モデルの定式化などによる評価検証が必要であると考えられる。これらについて学会における情報収集や発表、学術論文の投稿および企業との意見交換を行うことによりシステムをより良く改良させていきたい。

The research target was agricultural supply chain management, to satisfy the profit stability of each retailer and the satisfaction of consumers in purchasing agricultural foods, while focusing on the stabilization of farmer's management. In particular, the "Production DC communication model" was constructed, in which farmers deliver agricultural products at the nearest pick-up area, and deliver agricultural products to retail stores and restaurants to satisfy the needs of consumers, optimizing logistics from pick-up areas to retailers. Furthermore, the proposed model was evaluated and analyzed from the aspects of mathematical optimization and simulation, and it was shown that it can be sufficiently applied to local production and consumption of agricultural products. Furthermore, through empirical researches at roadside stations, we have developed an information sharing system that enables convincing agricultural product sales by encouraging dialogue between farmers and consumers.

We have studied programming learning materials for improving reading skills, which are based only on the internal information (data dependency) of the source code itself, and clarified the factors (descriptions) that may hinder understanding for beginners in programming. However, the results were limited to assignment statements only and did not quantify the knowledge of each statement. Therefore in this study, we extended the target of source code reading-based learning to control statements and arrays and analyzed the difficulty level of the source code description itself by comparing it to the program dependencies using latent rank theory. Then, the amount of knowledge required to read each description was quantified step by step. Based on the results of the quantitative analysis, we structured the teaching materials to realize more effective learning than before.

To efficiently support novice programming learners feeling programming difficult, clarifying the cause of preventing programming understanding, and developing a new teaching method appropriate for their understanding degree would be necessary. To analyze each student's understanding level, this study focuses on eye movement which is strongly affected by accumulated programming experience, and proposes program structure based analysis method during program reading. The proposed method is inspired by the concept of program slicing. This paper especially examines the relationship between the data dependence relationship in the program consisting only of assignment operations and arithmetic operations and the gaze transition pattern represented by a simple Markov process. From the experimental results, we found meaningful relationship between the two.

A model that connects producers, consumers, and farmers’ markets was developed, and an information system was developed as a communication tool in order to collate the experience- and intuition-based know-how of producers and improve the value of their crops. However, the elderly comprise over 60% of the population employed in agriculture, and farmers are unwilling to utilize IT devices. In an effort to increase the IT utilization rate, a proof-of-concept test was conducted. Therefore, we designed a new IT tool that connects producers with consumers. In addition, the study considered a user-friendly interface design, where elderly farmers can operate intuitively, and which enables the continuous use of the system in order to actively realize the application of IT to agriculture. The study also investigated the ease of use in terms of the inputting, sharing, and viewing of information over a mobile device.

The achievement result of programming skill is currently evaluated only by the comprehensive point. As the result, learner's achievement level of programming in each technical element is unclear, and it makes active learning difficult. This paper focuses on the implicitness of programming strongly related to learning experiences. Then, this paper utilizes eye movement to clarify learner's understanding which is assumed to be greatly affected by programmer's experiences. Based on the analysis result of eye movement, this paper aims to construct a skill standard to realize active learning of programming. Firstly, this paper clarifies the technical elements of programming, develops learning materials to judge learner's understanding levels in each technical element, and develops a Web system. Secondly, this paper quantifies learner's understanding level by using the learning log data and examines teaching methods of programming depending on learner's understanding level.

Based on the results of the various surveys and psychological experiments in order to elucidate the intuitive interface design, it revealed that the basis of intuitive interface design is the concept of UCD. It means the minimization of cognitive, semantic understanding and the physical load of a user. That is, it is the minimization of cognitive subject and number of operations and the time required for them. We have proposed the 10 principles guidelines to how to embody them. On the other hand, we have developed a system to enable the evaluation of intuitive interface design. We were introduced a technique for hierarchically graph of the operation history data that we propose to the system.

At present, common e-Learning systems have been designed for positive learners whose learning habits are already established to some degree. To assist students other than the positive learners, most of who has more difficulty in learning with the usual e-Learning systems, this paper focuses on a new type of e-Learning system called``push-based e-Learning''. The push-based e-Learning is for learners who cannot establish study habits or take an active part in learning, and be an essential tool for supporting self-study continuity. This study realizes push service by e-mail technology of cell-phone. The system, used in conjunction with an interactive e-mail service through cell-phones, allows users to automatically receive up to some exercise e-mails a day.

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