[要旨] 日本語の擬音・擬態語は, 表現数, 出現数が他言語と比べて多く, 創造性・生産性も高いと言われている. 本稿では, 擬音・擬態語が使用されやすいと言われている児童文学に分類されるBeatrix Potterの「The Tale of Peter Rabbit」等三つの物語とその日本語訳を取り上げ, それぞれで用いられる擬音・擬態語を抜き出し, その使用や表現方法を比較, 検討した. 英語原版では日本語より擬音・擬態語の表現数や出現数は少なかったが, 日本語にはない動詞語彙の意味の違いや文法的手段による表現の工夫が観察された. また, 英語原版で用いられた擬音・擬態語は, 語源がほとんど動詞であり, 上古の時代より音や様態などを表す語として副詞的に用いられてきた日本語の擬音・擬態語とは対照をなすことが明らかになった.著者専攻: 理論言語学

[Abstract] This article reports the developmental process and problems of learning to write English essays by demonstrating and analyzing several sample essays from students placed in a middle-level class on the basis of their scores on a placement test taken prior to the beginning of the course. In general, students' essays showed a gradual improvement in the length, variation in structure, and cohesion of sentences. However, it seems that some students failed to develop their knowledge and skills to write accurately. A lack of very basic knowledge about English sentence structure was detected in the essays written by these students at the end of the semester. In summary, although there is much room for further improvement, especially in terms of accuracy, many students showed improvement in their ability to organize their points clearly and appropriately in essays consisting of several paragraphs in English.著者専攻: 理論言語学

[Abstract] This article addresses French subject indefinites in certain contexts in which they are interpreted inside the scope of negation. When appearing in the subject position, indefinites usually escape from the scope of negation. However, there are contexts which allow negation to assume scope over indefinites in the subject position: these include conditionals, interrogatives, complements of predicates of a certain type expressing surprise, and complements of phrases such as le fait que 'the fact that'. The same phenomenon can also be observed in English and Japanese. In this article, we propose the hypothesis that a complementizer carrying a purely formal trait, [unvalued neg] , serves to extend the scope of negation in these cases.著者専攻: 理論言語学

This study focuses on demotivating factors in the writing classes that utilize online essay evaluation services. To identify the main demotivating factors, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 353 first-year university students after they completed their one-year general English course. Contrary to the claims in previous literature on motivation, the results revealed that loss of self-efficacy and loss of intrinsic motivation have only slight correlation with students' actual devotion of efforts. The most significant external demotivating factor was the topics being uninteresting and the most significant internal factor was loss of enjoyment. This study also tackled the question raised by recent research on demotivation of whether demotivating factors are purely external. The questionnaire was designed to clarify the relationships between external and internal factors that adversely affect commitment to tasks, and it led us to conclude that demotivation should be investigated from the viewpoints of both internal and external factors.