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SAWAI Toru

    Department of Mechanical Engineering　Professor
Last Updated :2024/04/25

Researcher Information

Degree

  • M.Sc（Osaka University）
  • Ph.D（Himeji Institute of Technology）

J-Global ID

Research Interests

  • Thermal Engineering   Biomass energy   Gas-Liquid two-phase flow   

Research Areas

  • Environmental science/Agricultural science / Social-ecological systems / biomass energy
  • Manufacturing technology (mechanical, electrical/electronic, chemical engineering) / Thermal engineering

Academic & Professional Experience

  • 2005 - Today  Kinki UniversityProfessor
  • 1997 - 2005  Kinki UniversityAssociate Professor
  • 1995 - 1997  Takamatsu National College of TechnologyAssociate Professor
  • 1986 - 1995  Takamatsu National College of TechnologyLecturer
  • 1985 - 1986  Takamatsu National College of TechnologyResearch Assistant

Education

  • 1983 - 1985  Graduate School, Osaka University  Division of Engineering  機械工学専攻
  •        - 1985  Osaka University  Graduate School, Division of Engineering
  • 1979 - 1983  Osaka University  School of Engineering  機械工学科
  •        - 1983  Osaka University  Faculty of Engineering

Association Memberships

  • THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS   SOCIETY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ENGINEERING   エネルギー・資源学会   日本エネルギー学会   日本伝熱学会   日本混相流学会   日本機械学会   JAPAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY   

Published Papers

  • Tomohito INOUE; Kentaro TAMAKOSHI; Toru SAWAI
    Journal of Thermal Science and Technology Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 19 (1) 23 - 00561 2024/03 [Refereed]
  • Nur Syahirah; Kamal Baharin; Supitchaya Cherdkeattikul; Nami Kanada; Hirofumi Hara; Satoru Mizuno; ·Toru Sawai; Manabu Fuchihata; Tamio Ida
    Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management Springer Science and Business Media LLC 25 17 - 36 1438-4957 2022/11 [Refereed]
     
    Growing concern over fossil fuel depletion and the environmental impact of greenhouse gases have driven the demand for solid biofuel energy as an alternative source of coal coke. Therefore, there is increasing attention on Bio-Coke as a new solid biofuel product. The moderate temperature with high loading pressure densification method shows the uniqueness of Bio-Coke, as it has a higher density and mechanical strength when compared to wood pellets and briquettes. These reasons are ideal properties for long-term storage and transportation to ensure the sustainable supply of solid biofuel. Moreover, Bio-Coke also has a stable structure at high temperatures (700 °C), making it suitable for many practical applications such as cupola furnaces. The potential utilization of Bio-Coke and the viability of Bio-Coke feedstock in Southeast Asia are described in this paper. The utilization of agricultural residues from the Southeast Asia region, such as coconut husk and oil palm frond showed a good quality of solid biofuel as it can exhibit a high calorific value of Bio-Coke. The paper also reviews the factors affecting the production process of Bio-Coke and the suggested methods for its mechanical property’s improvement. Moreover, it reviews the economics of Bio-Coke and the impact of its utilization in the Southeast Asia region. Finally, implementing a low-temperature drying system is recommended to lower the production cost of Bio-Coke.
  • Nami Tagami-Kanada; Koji Yoshikuni; Satoru Mizuno; Toru Sawai; Manabu Fuchihata; Tamio Ida
    Renewable Energy Elsevier BV 197 1174 - 1182 0960-1481 2022/09 [Refereed]
     
    Bio-coke is a solid biofuel with a high density and high compressive strength. Demonstration tests have shown that bio-coke can be used as an alternative to coal and coal coke. The effects of biomass type and production conditions on combustion characteristics have been studied for small diameter bio-coke (phi 50 mm or less). In this study, we focused on fuel size and investigated the combustion characteristics of phi 12 to 100 mm samples. Experiments were conducted in a preheated, forced convection atmosphere using a batch-type vertical combustion apparatus to simulate rapid temperature increase and combustion under isothermal conditions in a gasification and melting furnace or blast furnace. Two biomass species (Japanese cedar and green tea) were selected as materials to study the effect of biomass species. We developed experimental correlations to predict the combustion time of bio-coke, considering the effects of scale and aspect ratio. The flaming and char combustion times of bio-coke can be approximated using the shape factor (V/S)(n) even when the aspect ratios are different. We obtained that the characteristic length is (V/S) to the power of 0.52-0.64. Furthermore, we found that Japanese cedar bio-coke has 2.5 times faster in flaming combustion than green tea bio-coke.
  • Toru SAWAI; Kenji YOKOTA; Nami TAGAMI-KANADA
    Journal of Thermal Science and Technology Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 17 (3) 22 - 00114 2022/07 [Refereed]
     
    The torrefied solid biofuels have come to attract attention as promising alternative fuels to coal in coal-fired power plants and industrial boilers. However, the energy property such as higher heating value (HHV) and energy yield of torrefied biomass, which is one of the most important fuel properties, has been evaluated by means of experiments for various biomass species so far. That is, the torrefaction conditions to produce torrefied solid biofuel with predetermined HHV have been provided only empirically. In this study, a generalized HHV estimation method applicable to any torrefied woody biomass is investigated based on pyrolysis kinetics of primary constituent polymers of woody biomass, cellulose, lignin and xylan. Analyses of pyrolysis kinetics of constituent polymers are conducted by assuming that the process in non-isothermal pyrolysis experiments is modeled as the single reaction. The HHVs of torrefied constituent polymers are obtained by isothermal torrefaction experiments, and the experimental correlations of HHV of torrefied constituent polymers are proposed as a function of solid mass yield. For a given woody biomass whose mass fractions of three constituent polymers are known, HHV of torrefied woody biomass produced with any torrefaction condition can be estimated by applying pyrolysis kinetic models and experimental correlations of HHV for three constituent polymers to the torrefaction process of woody biomass. From the comparison between estimated HHV of torrefied woody biomass and experimental data, it is concluded that the generalized HHV estimation method can be useful for evaluating HHV of torrefied woody biomass with about 10% accuracy, although the HHV is somewhat underestimated.
  • Fumiya MORIYAMA; Satoru MIZUNO; Nami TAGAMI-KANADA; Toru SAWAI
    Mechanical Engineering Journal Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 8 (3) 21 - 00069 2187-9745 2021/06 [Refereed]
     
    One of the effective solutions to reduce CO2 emission derived from fossil fuels is the suppression of coal consumption in industrial boilers and power plants. Torrefaction is one of the promising treatments for reforming conventional solid biofuels, and torrefied solid biofuels have come to attract attention as an alternative to coal. When torrefied solid biofuels are utilized or produced, energy properties such as higher heating value (HHV) and energy yield of torrefied solid biofuels are quite important. In this study, to evaluate the energy properties for a given pyrolysis condition analytically, evaluation methods of HHV and mass yield of torrefied biomass based on isothermal pyrolysis kinetics are investigated for three biomass species, i) softwood; Japanese cedar, ii) hardwood; castanopsis and iii) herbaceous biomass; rice straw. There are two aims of the study. One is to present the HHV evaluation method by lumped-parameter pyrolysis kinetic models with high evaluation accuracy. The reduction in the mass yield due to torrefaction can be evaluated by the two-step pyrolysis kinetic model, and the HHV is provided with the mass fractions and heating values for constituent substances included in torrefied biomass of the two-step pyrolysis kinetic model. The other is to present the simple correlation to evaluate HHV without depending on three biomass species. From the comparison between the HHV evaluation method and experimental data, it is clarified that the proposed HHV evaluation method based on the two-step pyrolysis kinetic model can be useful to evaluate the HHV of torrefied biomass for three biomass samples with high evaluation accuracy, 5% or less. The linear correlation between HHV enhancement factor and mass yield of torrefied biomass is found regardless of three biomass species in the range of torrefaction mass yield larger than 0.6.
  • Thermal Softening Properties of Torrefied Wood Powder as a Raw Material for Production of Biomass-based Plastics
    Toru SAWAI; Satoru MIZUNO; Hiroki IMAMURA
    Journal of JSEM 21 (1) 16 - 22 2021/03 [Refereed]
     
    It is expected that conventional petroleum-based plastic will be replaced with biomass-based plastic to solve the issues of the global environment. To provide the dimensional stability of biomass-based plastics, the torrefaction treatment is conducted to reform the hydrophile property of woody biomass. There are two objectives of the study. One is to investigate the effect of torrefaction on thermal softening properties of wood powder. The other is to clarify the optimum mass yield conditions which simultaneously satisfy both water resistance and bending strength of extruded wood molding. The following results are obtained: (1) As the mass yield decreases, the softening temperature increases, which is related to the thermal decomposition of hemicellulose contained in woody biomass. (2) The torrefied wood powder has the non-Newtonian flow property of pseudo-plastic fluid. The mass yield has a large effect on apparent viscosity especially at low temperature conditions. (3) The decrease in the mass yield improves the hydrophobic property, but reduces the bending strength of extruded wood molding. From the result of the trade-off relationship between hydrophobic property and bending strength against mass yield, it is found that the optimum mass yield is around 0.9.
  • Reforming of dimension and energy properties of chip fuel by pyrolysis treatment
    SAWAI Toru
    Juornal of JSEM 19 (3) 2019/09 [Refereed]
     
    To utilize chip fuel such as wood chips and hog fuel widely in the industrial sector, the dimension property has to be reformed. In this study, pyrolysis treatment is conducted prior to crushing. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pyrolysis treatment and crushing methods on the dimension property of chip fuel. The biomass samples used in experiments are stemwood without bark and bark of Japanese cedar. The range of pyrolysis temperature is 200-500 deg. C, and two crushing devices are used, hammer mill and cutter mill. After crushing, the height h, the long side l and the short side s of chip fuel are measured, and three aspect ratios, l/s, l/h and s/h are evaluated. The ratio l/h is the largest among the three aspect ratios for each experiment. The ratio l/h for hammer mill is larger than that for cutter mill. As the pyrolysis temperature increases, the ratio l/h decreases rapidly in the temperature range between 200 and 300 deg. C. From the experimental results, it is found that the optimum pyrolysis temperature to produce chip fuel with low aspect ratio below five or six is around 250 and 350 deg. C for stemwood without bark and bark, respectively.
  • Toru SAWAI; Ichiro KATAYAMA; Tamio IDA
    Advanced Experimetal Mechanics 3 65 - 71 2018/08 [Refereed]
     
    Commercial wood pellets are upgraded by the pyrolysis treatment in a wide temperature range of 378-773 K that includes both the torrefaction and carbonization temperature conditions. The trade-off relationship between apparent density and higher heating value of pyrolyzed wood pellets (PWP) is confirmed, which implies the existence of an optimum pyrolysis condition to produce PWP. The progression of pyrolysis is found to be identified by the mass yield of PWP. Noticing the color variation of PWP with the progression of pyrolysis, the relationship between the mass yield and CIELAB color parameters is examined. Two experimental correlations to estimate the mass yield are presented using the color coordinate, b* and the hue angle, h. From the comparison between predicted mass yields and experimental data, it is found that the experimental correlation using the hue angle can evaluate the mass yield with an accuracy of around ±10% in a wide range of mass yield between 0.2 and 1. Therefore, it is concluded that the hue angle can be one of the useful indicators for a nondestructive inspection method of PWP.
  • Toru SAWAI; Ichiro KATAYAMA; Tamio IDA; Hiroki IMAMURA; Takeshi KAJIMOTO
    Mechanical Engineering Journal The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 4 (1) 16 - 00320-16-00320 2017/02 [Refereed]
     

    Noticing the color variation of torrefied woody biomass with pyrolysis process, a non-invasive method to estimate energy properties such as elemental contents, higher heating value and energy yield is investigated. When the torrefied biofuel is produced and utilized, the quality control concerning energy properties is indispensable. The energy properties of torrefied woody biomass are correlated with its mass yield, and the relationship between mass yields and colorimetric values defined by CIELAB is experimentally examined. The results obtained for torrefied Japanese cedar are as follows. (1) The energy properties of torrefied Japanese cedar are expressed by simple relations of mass yield. The optimum torrefaction condition to produce torrefied biofuel can be evaluated by the mass yield. (2) To estimate the mass yield of torrefied Japanese cedar, the experimental correlations with colorimetric values are proposed. In the case of the sap-wood and heart-wood samples for brightness, L* above 45, the mass yield is correlated with L*, and in the case of the sap-wood, heart-wood and bark samples for L* below 45, the mass yield is correlated with color coordinate, a*. From the comparison between predicted mass yields and experimental data, it is found that the proposed experimental correlations can estimate the mass yield within an accuracy of ±10%. Therefore, the energy properties of torrefied Japanese cedar is easy to be checked by using the present non-invasive estimation method with colorimetric values.

  • Noriyasu HIROKAWA・Hiroya IWAMOTO; Masataka NAKAYAMA; Tadashi SHIBUE; Takashi HAYAMI・Toru SAWAI; Mitsushi OHMASA
    Journal of JSEM 15 s125 - s131 2015/07 [Refereed]
     
    This paper proposes an optimization method of a Japanese keypad location in a smartphone to improve its usability for flick input. This design is based on (i) electromyogram (EMG) measurements in flicking keys on a full-size keypad, (ii) a calculation of percent maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) from the EMG data and its approximation with a response surface, and (iii) formulation of an optimum keypad location problem and its solution by an optimization technique. This paper demonstrates an application and ascertains the validity of the proposed method by a usability test based on comfort, accuracy, and speed.
  • Toru SAWAI, Hiroki IMAMURA, Noriyasu HIROKAWA, Takeshi KAJIMOTO
    Journal of JSEM 15 s7 - s14 2015/07 [Refereed]
     
    Biomass-based plastics are considered to be one of the most important derivatives of biomass. By using the softening and self-adhesive properties of woody biomass, several studies have been conducted on molding methods for thermo-fluid wood. Little is known about the flow characteristics of thermo-fluid wood. In this study, experiments on hot extrusion in capillaries are conducted to clarify the viscous property of thermo-fluid wood powder. The following results are obtained. As the temperature and water content decrease, it becomes harder for the biomass sample to become soft, and thus the hot extrusion cannot be performed. From the relationship between wall shear stress and wall shear rate, it is found that the power index of wall shear rate is below unity, and therefore the thermo-fluid wood powder behaves as a nonNewtonian pseudo-plastic fluid. The experimental correlation of the apparent viscosity of thermo-fluid wood powder is proposed, and the apparent viscosity can be estimated by using the present correlation with an accuracy of ±50 %.
  • Noriyasu HIROKAWA; Toru SAWAI; Masao FUJII; Kohei SUGINO; Akihiro AMANO
    Journal of Smart Processing Society for Materials, Environment & Energy 3 (5) 316 - 322 2014/09 [Refereed]
     
    A greenhouse with latent heat storage boards is proposed as a passive solar system for drying of woody biomass. From the results of wood drying experiments in greenhouse, it is confirmed that the latent heat storage boards are effective in keeping the greenhouse warm at nighttime, which improves drying rates in the falling drying rate period. However, in autumn and winter seasons, the melting point of phase change material (PCM) in the latent heat storage board has to be reduced, because the air temperature in greenhouse is too low to melt the phase change material. The amount of heat storage for low melting point PCM is about one-half that for high melting point PCM. In the present study, to utilize the high melting point PCM in autumn and winter seasons, both effects of improvement of heat transfer coefficient of latent heat storage board and insulation of greenhouse wall on the temperature rise at nighttime are investigated by numerical simulation. Results showed that in autumn, the high melting point PCM can be utilized by circulating the air in the greenhouse or installing the insulation walls. In winter, the high melting point PCM can be utilized by both improvements of heat-transfer coefficient and thermal insulation walls.
  • Toru SAWAI; Kohei SUGINO; Masao FUJII; Nobuhiro YAMASUSO; Yohei MORIKAWA; Sugio JYOUDO
    Journal of Smart Processing Society for Materials, Environment & Energy 3 (5) 309 - 315 2014/09 [Refereed]
     
    To supply good quality domestic woods for house construction steadily, it is necessary to promote installation of wood drying system. In the case of kiln drying equipment, the energy consumption of drying becomes extremely high, while the drying period is short. To mitigate the global warming due to the exhaustion of CO2 from fossil fuels, the passive solar system for wood drying in an agricultural green house has been experimentally investigated. The installation cost of green house is low, but the following two points have to be improved to make the solar drying system for practical use: (1) the promotion of drying rate at nighttime, (2) the reduction of cracks appearing in wood with dry shrinkage at daytime. In the present study, the placement of phase change materials (PCM) in green house is proposed, and effects of PCM on air temperature rise at nighttime and drying rate are examined. The following results are obtained. (1) The air temperature in green house at nighttime increases due to the heat storage of PCM at daytime. The heat transfer between the air and PCM board in green house is affected by the arrangement of PCM board, and it is found that the vertical arrangement induces the improvement of heat transfer, which increases the heat storage of PCM and air temperature at nighttime. (2) In the constant drying rate period, the placement of PCM causes the decrease in the drying rate due to the decrease in the highest air temperature at daytime. In the falling drying rate period, the drying rate is increased by the increase in the air temperature at nighttime due to the heat storage of PCM.
  • Toru SAWAI; Noriyasu; HIROKAWA; Takeshi KAJIMOTO; Yoshimitsu ICHINO
    Journal of JSEM 14 s7 - s12 2014/07 [Refereed]
     
    In the present study, a new upgrading solid biofuel, “torrefied wood briquette” that is utilized as co-firing fuels in coal-fueled power plants is proposed. The “torrefied wood briquette” is produced by the torrefaction and compression molding processes to enhance the apparent density and heating value of solid biofuel. To clarify the optimum molding conditions for torrefied woody biomass to mold high density briquettes, experimental studies are conducted on thermo-fluid phenomena and compression molding of torrefied woody biomass. The following results are obtained. (1) The softening temperature increases with decreasing mass yield, water content and pressure. Comparing the two biomass species, the softening temperatures for Japanese cedar are higher than those for pruned sprig of persimmon. (2) The apparent density of briquette has a maximum when the compression molding is conducted at the softening temperature for given mass yield and water content. The torrefaction process gives the trade-off relationship between the heating value and apparent density of torrefied wood briquette.
  • MIZUNO Satoru; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; NAMBA Kunihiko; SAWAI Toru
    Journal of JSEM The Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics 13 (2) 190 - 193 1346-4930 2013/07 [Refereed]
     
    Primarily, Japan has very little sources of coal, oil, and natural gas. As a result these primary energy sources are imported from other countries. The development of Japans domestic primary energy sources is necessary to reduce its dependency on foreign energy import. Above all, energy derived from biomass sources are sustainable energy resources. In this study, various sizes of high-density biomass briquette named 'Bio-coke, whose technology was based on our patent (PAT.-No.4088933), were produced from green tea grounds. The physical properties at high temperature of each size of Bio-coke were studied, and their maximum compressive strength and Youngs modulus were estimated by a compression test at a temperature of 973K. From the results obtained, the relationship between the size of Bio-coke and the maximum compressive strength or Youngs modulus could be approximated by a linear function or an exponential function.
  • NISHI Kenji; SAWAI Toru; OHMASA Mitsushi; HIROKAWA Noriyasu; SHIBUE Tadashi; KAJIMOTO Takeshi
    Journal of smart processing 1 (3) 21 - 22 2186-702X 2012/05 [Refereed]
     
    In recent years, much attention has been focused on the energy utilization of biomass to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas. Especially, woody biomass such as the forestry biomass derived from logging and thinning operations in forests is one of the most promising domestic resources in Japan. Woody biomass contributes not only to the improvement of energy self-sufficiency in Japan, but also to the environmental protection of Japanese forests. When the woody biomass is utilized, it is necessary to examine the energy consumption for collection of resources, pretreatment, transportation and after-treatment. In the present study, woody biomass is assumed to be utilized as pulverized wood fuel in local area. The pretreatment of pulverized wood fuel is consisted of three procedures; drying, semi-carbonizaion and fine comminution. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the comminution characteristic of the Japanese cedar thinning and the reduction in energy consumption for pretreatment process and transportation of pulverized wood fuel. The results obtained in the present study are as follows. (1) Comminution energy increases as the water content increases and the sieve of screen becomes small. The comminution energy of hammer mill is largely affected by the water content. Difference in comminution energy between the hammer and cutter mills is large. The ratio of comminution energy of the hammer mill to that of the cutter mill exceeds 10 for the water content of 40% and sieve of screen of 3mm. (2) To estimate the comminution energy of woody biomass, empirical equations of work index in Bond's Law are presented. In woody biomass region, the empirical equations of work index depend on the comminution method. In semi-carbonization and carbonization regions, the empirical equation of work index is presented regardless of comminution method and sieve of screen. The comminution energy can be estimated by using the present empirical equations within accuracy ±50 percent. (3) Analysis of energy consumption for the pretreatment process and transportation is conducted by using the present empirical equations of work index. From the result of analysis, it is found that the semi-carbonization at a temperature of 250 degree C is effective to the reduction in total energy consumption, when the pulverized wood fuel of 300 microns or less in particle size is utilized.
  • NISHI Kenji; OHMASA Mitsushi; HIROKAWA Noriyasu; SAWAI Toru; SHIBUE Tadashi; KAJIMOTO Takeshi
    Journal of Smart Processing Smart Processing Society for Materials, Environment & Energy (High Temperature Society of Japan) 1 (2) 51 - 57 2186-702X 2012/03 [Refereed]
     
    In order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, much attention has been focused on energy utilization of biomass in recent years. The promotion of the utilization of domestic woody biomass contributes not only to the improvement of energy selfsufficiency, but also to the environmental protection of forests and undeveloped woodlands near populated areas or satoyamas in Japan. Typical woody biomass derived from Japanese forests and satoyamas are Japanese Cedar and Konara. When woody biomass is utilized as biomass fuel, it is important to examine the energy consumptions for pretreatments such as comminution and reforming. In this study, using Konara, Japanese Cedar, and Balsa, the effects of tree species, comminution methods, and semicarbonization of the woody biomass on comminution energy are investigated. The results obtained in this study are as follows. (1) In the case that water content is less than a fiber saturation point, the comminution energy for three species is expressed as a function of water content. In the case that water content exceeds a fiber saturation point, comminution energy for three species is expressed as a function of density. The comminution energy can be estimated by using the present empirical equations within ±50% accuracy. (2) Regarding the comminution property of semi-carbonized woody biomass, for the wood region, the empirical equations of work index depend on the comminution methods regardless of tree species and sieve of screen. For the semi-carbonized and carbonized regions, the empirical equation of work index is presented regardless of tree species, comminution methods, and sieve of screen. The comminution energy can be estimated by using the present empirical equations within ±60% accuracy.
  • TORII Yusuke; MIZUNO Satoru; NISHI Kenji; ICHINO Yoshimitsu; OHMASA Mitsushi; SAWAI Toru; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu
    Journal of Smart Processing Smart Processing Society for Materials, Environment & Energy (High Temperature Society of Japan) 1 (2) 63 - 70 2186-702X 2012/03 [Refereed]
     
    The utilization of unused biomass such as logging residues and broadleaf trees has come to attract attention to protect forests and satoyamas (a Japanese term for undeveloped woodlands near populated areas) in Japan. In this study, the modification of bio-coke fuels as an alternative to coal coke is investigated by using bamboo and Japanese cedar, which are the typical domestic woody biomass in forests and satoyamas. To improve the compressive strength under high temperature environment and the heating value of bio-coke, carbonized Japanese cedar is mixed with bamboo. The effect of the carbide mixture on the forming characteristics of bio-coke such as density, compressive strength, and heating value are experimentally clarified. The results obtained in the present study are as follows: (1) the density of bio-coke increases with increase in forming temperature and forming pressure, but is reduced by the addition of carbide as the thermoplastic polymer is reduced (2) the increase in carbide reduces the compressive strength under normal temperature environment and improves the compressive strength under high temperature environment. When the carbide content was 30%, the compressive strength under high temperature environment was 3.26MPa. (3) The addition of carbide is an effective way to improve the compressive strength under high temperature environment and to enhance the heating value of bio-coke.
  • FUCHIHATA Manabu; ABE Shusuke; IDA Tamio; SAWAI Toru; NAMBA Kunihiko; HONJYO Takako; SANO Hiroshi
    Journal of Smart Processing Smart Processing Society for Materials, Environment & Energy (High Temperature Society of Japan) 1 (2) 58 - 62 2186-702X 2012/03 [Refereed]
     
    Biomass is one of the sustainable energy sources and is the most suitable natural energy for storage and transport. Woody pellet is a typical biomass fuel and is accessible in most places around the world. Its transportation efficiency, however, is not so high, due to lack of energy density. In order to improve the efficiency of woody biomass energy transportation, the 'semi-carbonization pelletizing' method was adopted. Semi-carbonized pellet,' Biomass Carbonized Densified Fuel' (BCDF), is not a fully carbonized woody biomass, but is an intermediate of desiccated woody biomass and charcoal. Although charcoal is a high energy density fuel in J/kg and is widely being used, about a half of the original energy is lost during the carbonization process. Semi-carbonization is a balanced method for energy density improvement and energy yield. The process parameters of semi-carbonization, however, are so many and are not examined yet. In the present study, the effect of water content in woody biomass on the energy density and energy yield of semi-carbonized pellet was examined. Results show that water content diminish the process temperature range for improvement of energy transport efficiency compared to an absolute dry condition.
  • Mitsushi Ohmaska; Noriyasu Hirokawa; Toru Sawai; Takeshi Kajimoto
    Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, B Hen/Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part B 日本機械学会 78 (793) 1483 - 1494 0387-5016 2012 [Refereed]
     
    The unused biomass such as residues left on forest floor and unused portions of farm crops is considered as the most promising domestic resources in Japan. The utilization of unused biomass contributes to the environmental protection of forests as well as the reduction in exhaustion of carbon dioxide. To promote the utilization of woody biomnass generated in forests and hilly agricultural areas, the efficiency for the transportation across hilly district regions has to be improved. In (he present study, the hydraulic transportation system of wood chips by means of liquid film flow in sloped pipeline is proposed. The transportation limit of wood chips with various aspect ratios is investigated by using the test section imitating the hi1l temlin pipcline The results obtained are as follows The maximum flow rate of wood chips is caused by the occurrence of hydraulic jump in horizontal flow, and is greatly afl'ectcd by the liquid film flow rate and aspect ratio of wood chips. The analytical model to predict the stagnation of wood chips is presented. and it is found that the model gives a fairly good agreement with the experimental results of maximum how rate of wood chips. © 2012 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers.
  • Masao Fujii; Toru Sawai
    Heat Transfer - Asian Research 40 (4) 340 - 351 1099-2871 2011/06 [Refereed]
     
    The experimental work reported here has provided an analysis of the effect of a perforated barrier, fully spanning the flow passage upstream of a pair of modules in a duct, on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of heated, rectangular modules that are commonly encountered in electronic equipment. The barrier has been shown to be an effective means towards providing heat transfer enhancement. Heat transfer was increased with increasing barrier hole diameter d, and decreasing barrier porosity σ and module-barrier distance L. The enhancing effect of the barrier was found to change dramatically at L/d = 3.5 and 18. Experimental data on heat transfer coefficients were correlated as a function of L/d, σ, and Reynolds number. The pressure loss coefficient of the barrier is influenced by porosity σ, and is insensitive to the other factors experimentally investigated. The average pressure loss coefficient was correlated as a function of σ. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
  • NISHI Kenji; SAWAI Toru; OHMASA Mitsushi; HIROKAWA Noriyasu; SHIBUE Tadashi; KAJIMOTO Takeshi
    Journal of High Temperature Society 高温学会 37 (2) 63 - 70 0387-1096 2011/03 [Refereed]
     
    n recent years, much attention has been focused on the energy utilization of biomass to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas. Especially, woody biomass such as the forestry biomass derived from logging and thinning operations in forests is one of the most promising domestic resources in Japan. Woody biomass contributes not only to the improvement of energy self-sufficiency in Japan, but also to the environmental protection of Japanese forests. When the woody biomass is utilized, it is necessary to examine the energy consumption for collection of resources, pretreatment, transportation and after-treatment. In the present study, woody biomass is assumed to be utilized as pulverized wood fuel in local area. The pretreatment of pulverized wood fuel is consisted of three procedures; drying, semi-carbonizaion and fine comminution. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the comminution characteristic of the Japanese cedar thinning and the reduction in energy consumption for pretreatment process and transportation of pulverized wood fuel. The results obtained in the present study are as follows. (1) Comminution energy increases as the water content increases and the sieve of screen becomes small. The comminution energy of hammer mill is largely affected by the water content. Difference in comminution energy between the hammer and cutter mills is large. The ratio of comminution energy of the hammer mill to that of the cutter mill exceeds 10 for the water content of 40% and sieve of screen of 3mm. (2) To estimate the comminution energy of woody biomass, empirical equations of work index in Bond's Law are presented. In woody biomass region, the empirical equations of work index depend on the comminution method. In semi-carbonization and carbonization regions, the empirical equation of work index is presented regardless of comminution method and sieve of screen. The comminution energy can be estimated by using the present empirical equations within accuracy ±50 percent. (3) Analysis of energy consumption for the pretreatment process and transportation is conducted by using the present empirical equations of work index. From the result of analysis, it is found that the semi-carbonization at a temperature of 250 degree C is effective to the reduction in total energy consumption, when the pulverized wood fuel of 300 microns or less in particle size is utilized.
  • Masuo Kaji; Toru Sawai; Yosuke Kagi; Tadanobu Ueda
    EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC 34 (4) 446 - 453 0894-1777 2010/05 [Refereed]
     
    Heat transfer, pressure drop, and void fraction were simultaneously measured for upward heated air-water non-boiling two-phase flow in 0.51 mm ID tube to investigate thermo-hydro dynamic characteristics of two-phase flow in micro-channels. At low liquid superficial velocity j(i) frictional pressure drop agreed with Mishima-Hibiki's correlation, whereas agreed with Chisholm-Laird's correlation at relatively high j(l). Void fraction was lower than the homogeneous model and conventional empirical correlations. To interpret the decrease of void fraction with decrease of tube diameter, a relation among the void fraction, pressure gradient and tube diameter was derived. Heat transfer coefficient fairly agreed with the data for 1.03 and 2.01 mm ID tubes when j(i) was relatively high. But it became lower than that for larger diameter tubes when j(i) was low. Analogy between heat transfer and frictional pressure drop was proved to hold roughly for the two-phase flow in micro-channel. But satisfactory relation was not obtained under the condition of low liquid superficial velocity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  • Toru SAWAI; Mitsushi OHMASA; Noriyasu HIROKAWA; Masuo KAJI; Masao FUJII
    Journal of JSEM 日本実験力学会 10 (1) 31 - 38 2010/03 [Refereed]
     
    The effect of surfactant additives on the flow characteristics such as the gas-liquid interfacial structure, flow pattern transition and liquid lump velocity was investigated in the vertical upward gas-liquid two-phase flow. Experimental studies were conducted by using the surfactant CTAC acted as a DRA(Drag Reducing Agent). The effect of CTAC on flow pattern was confirmed for the slug and churn flows. The intermittence and local flow reversal of liquid film in both slug and churn flows were inhibited by fine bubbles formed in the liquid phase. The slug flow region for high liquid flow rate and low gas flow rate conditions was replaced by the bubble flow, and most of the churn flow regions were changed into the annular flow. The liquid flow structure was also affected by CTAC. βW and βB decreased for the condition of 0.2≦jG≦10m/s. PW decreased for the churn/annular flow region, which corresponded to the decrease in the frequency of interfacial waves and disappearance of flow reversal. The velocities for both liquid lump and liquid film increased for the annular flow, which was closely related to the increase in the frictional pressure gradient.
  • SAWAI Toru; OHMASA Mitsushi; HIROKAWA Noriyasu; KAJI Masuo; FUJII Masao
    Journal of JSEM 日本実験力学会 10 (1) 23 - 30 1346-4930 2010/03 [Refereed]
     
    To investigate the effect of surfactant additives on the pressure drop and the liquid holdup in vertical upward two-phase flow, experimental studies were conducted for two types of surfactants: one was n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride mixed with a counter-ion sodium salicylate (CTAC) acted as a foaming agent and the other was sodium oleate (SO) acted as a non-foaming agent. The surface tension was reduced to 50% of water by the addition of each surfactant. The pressure drop reduction (PDR) was achieved up to 90% by the addition of CTAC at low liquid volumetric flux conditions. The addition of CTAC caused the reduction in liquid holdup in the range of the gas volumetric fluxes between 0.2 and 10 m/s. The PDR was mainly caused by the reduction in the gravitational pressure gradient due to the formation of the liquid phase containing fine bubbles. When SO was added, the PDR of 5-10% was obtained. The main cause of PDR was the reduction in the frictional pressure gradient.
  • NAMBA Kunihiko; IDA Tamio; SAWAI Toru
    Journal of High Temperature Society High Temperature Society of Japan 36 (1) 25 - 30 0387-1096 2010/01 [Refereed]
     
    From a viewpoint of environmental preservation and resource protection, the recycling of wastes has been promoting. Expectations to new energy resource are growing by decrease of fossil fuel. Biomass is one of new energies with prevent global warming. This study is an attempt to burn pruned branches of plum trees in order to thermally recycle waste products of fruits agriculture. The devolatilization property of pruned branches of plum trees were observed by the thermogravimerty and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) to obtained fundamental data of fuel pyrolysis. The thermogravimetric analyzer was used to measure weight loss and temperature difference. It observed that the weight of pruned branches was decreased under three stages with endothermic reaction during water vaporazation and volatile pyrolysis, and with exothermic reaction during combustion of volatile and fixed carbon. The combustion behavior of pruned branches was observed in the electric furnace, where the video-recording and measurement of pruned branches weight were carried out at sequential steps of the combustion process. It observed that the combustion behavior of pruned branches was similar to woody pellets. The effects of furnace temperature and branch size were examined in order to elucidate the combustion characteristics as fuel, such as ignition delay, burning period, char-combustion time and the change of weight decrease. The results indicated that they are influenced at each step of the combustion processes such as devolatilization, ignition, visible envelope flame combustion and char combustion. Pruned branches showed medium values of characteristic time between of cider and woody pellet, and therefore ume plum pruned branches are considered to be promising alternative fuels.
  • SAWAI Toru; OHMASA Mitsushi; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; NAMBA Kunihiko
    Journal of High Temperature Society 高温学会 36 (1) 36 - 40 0387-1096 2010/01 [Refereed]
     
    In order to reduce the exhaustion of carbon dioxide, the utilization of unused woody biomass such as forestry biomass and pruned branch has come to attract attention as an alternative fuel of coal. Most of the coal are used at coal-fueled power plants and iron mills. In the present study, bio-solid fuels to alternate coal cokes are investigated. Pruned branches of ume and persimmon which are the typical fruit trees cultivated in Wakayama prefecture are used as biomass resources. To establish a technical basis for the method of manufacturing bio-solid fuel with high hardness, effects of molding temperature, tress species and diameter of pruned branch on compressive strength properties of bio-solid fuel are clarified. The results obtained are as follows. In the case of ume, the compressive strength has a maximum, when the molding temperature is 140-160 degree C. There is no effect of diameter of pruned branch on compressive strength. In the case of persimmon, the compressive strength has a maximum, when the molding temperature is 180 degree C. The compressive strength decreases with decreasing the diameter of pruned branch. The difference in compressive strength between ume and persimmon is considered to be caused by the particle shape.
  • Masao Fujii; Toru Sawai
    Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, B Hen/Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part B Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 76 (770) 1579 - 1585 0387-5016 2010 [Refereed]
     
    Two rectangular block-like elements as an electronic module are positioned in a parallel-walled channel and cooled by forced convection airflow. A metal plate with circular holes as a barrier blocks the channel, which is intended to function as a cover for protecting them from mechanical or electromagnetic damage, or as a thermal control device. Per-module heat transfer coefficients in the presence of the barrier of various hole diameter d, porosity, and distance L, between the module and the barrier were measured. In the presence of the barrier with holes, the heat transfer coefficient at two modules was improved. Nusselt numbers are correlated as a function of Reynolds number, L/d and porosity.
  • SAWAI Toru; OHMASA Mitsushi; HIROKAWA Noriyasu; KAJI Masuo
    Journal of JSEM 日本実験力学会 9 (4) 34 - 40 1346-4930 2009/12 [Refereed]
     
    To investigate the effect of the entry configuration of gas flow on the mechanism of flooding and to propose the prediction model of flooding, experiments of counter-current air-water two-phase flow are conducted. Two different types of inlet devices are used in the present study: “Bottom Entry” and “Nozzle Entry”. The effect of liquid viscosity on flooding is also investigated by using three kinds of temperatures of fluids 17℃, 30℃, and 47℃. Simultaneous measurements of the pressure drop and the spatio-temporal gas-liquid interfacial structure are conducted to detect the change in flow characteristics at the onset of flooding. The results obtained are as follows. The mechanism of flooding greatly depends on the entry configuration of gas flow. In the “Bottom Entry” device, large liquid lump formed near the liquid outlet are closely related to the onset of flooding. At flooding, the pressure gradient jumps up and a sudden and sufficient increase in the liquid holdup is observed. In the “Nozzle Entry” device, there are no appreciable changes in the pressure gradient and the gas-liquid interfacial stucture. The flow model to predict the onset of flooding is presented by considering the steady state momentum equations and the liquid lump formation at the bottom of the tube. It is found that the model can predict the flooding gas velocity for both inlet devices.
  • A. Morita; T. Ida; T. Sawai; K. Namba; M. Fuchihata
    Journal of JSEM 日本実験力学会 9 36 - 41 1346-4930 2009/09 [Refereed]
     
    To reduce the exhaustion of carbon dioxide in power plants, the operating technology for co-firing of woody biomass at existing coal-fueled power plants has come to attract attention. In the present study, it is assumed that the domestic forestry biomass transported from mountain regions is used as a fuel in pulverized coal fired power plants. The forestry biomass in Japan is the most promising domestic resource. However, most of the forests in Japan locate in the mountain region, and hence the overland transportation of biomass to the power station is indispensable. The pretreatment of semi-carbonization and chipping before transportation is effective in reducing the energy consumption for transportation of forestry biomass. The main purpose of the study is to clarify the comminution and combustion properties of the mixture of semi-carbonized woody biomass and coal. From the experimental investigations, the following results are obtained. (1) The comminution energy of mixture decreases with pyrolysis temperature. The increase in the biomass mixing ratio increases the comminution energy in the temperature range below 300°C. In the “W region” below 200°C, the density of wood exerts great influence on the comminution energy. (2) The estimation method of comminution energy based on the biomass mixing ratio, which is called “biomass mixing ratio method”, is compared with the experimental results. The comminution energy of the mixture is overestimated by the biomass mixing ratio method, when the woody biomass is mixed. The overestimation is due to the wedge effect induced by pulverized coal. The comminution energy of the mixture of coal and the semi-carbonized biomass for the pyrolysis temperature ranging from 200 to 400°C can be predicted by the biomass mixing ratio method. (3) The estimation method based on the work index of the Bond's Law is proposed. The experimental comminution energy can be estimated by using the empirical correlations of the work index within accuracy of ±30%. (4) In the case of mixing with the biomass produced by pyrolysis at a temperature below 200°C, the ignition delay time and the total combustion time linearly decrease with the biomass mixing ratio. The increase in the biomass mixing ratio causes the increase in the volatile gas, which leads to the improvements of ignitability and the decrease in total combustion time. In the case of mixing with the biomass produced by pyrolysis at a temperature of 400°C, the total combustion time is not affected by the biomass mixing ratio.
  • Mitsushi OHMASA; Toru SAWAI; Masuo KAJI; Shoji YAMAUCHI
    Journal of JSEM 日本実験力学会 8 25 - 30 2008/07 [Refereed]
     
    In the vertical upward gas-liquid two-phase flow under low liquid flow rate conditions, the flow patterns are divided into three main groups; annular flow, churn flow and slug flow. At high gas flow rate, the annular flow is formed with continuous gas core and liquid film on the wall. As the gas flow rate decreases, the liquid film flow on the wall becomes unstable owing to a reduction of the gas-liquid interfacial shear stress, which can trigger the flow pattern transition to the intermittent slug flow. In the intermediate region between annular and slug flows, the churn flow is observed. As the name "churn" implies, the flow is very complex and accompanied with oscillatory motions of the liquid in the tube. In the present paper, a lumped parameter model is developed to predict the stability of annular flow and simulate the non-linear oscillation of churn flow. The model is based on the one-dimensional two-fluid model. According to the assumption of uniform flow, the annular flow is expressed by a set of ordinary differential equations. From the comparison between the linear stability analysis and the flow pattern map in the experiment, it is found that the flow pattern transition from annular to churn flow is in approximate agreement with the marginal stability boundary of the model, and the churn flow oscillation induces the formation of intermittent slug flow.
  • SAWAI Toru; MORITA Akihiro; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; TADA Toru; KAJI Masuo
    Journal of High Temperature Society High Temperature Society of Japan 34 (4) 171 - 177 0387-1096 2008/07 [Refereed]
     
    In order to promote the utilization of unused woody biomass such as forestry biomass and pruned branch of fruit, the utilization of woody biomass has come to attract attention as a fuel at the pulverized-coal fired power plant. When the woody biomass in the forestry region is utilized, it is necessary to examine and reduce the energy consumption for collecting of resources, preprocessing such as comminuting and drying and transportation . In the present study, effect of semi-carbonization pyrolysis on comminution energy and assessment of transport property of woody biomass is investigated. The results obtained are as follows. Empirical correlations of work index in Bond′s Law are presented for both woody and semi-carbonization regions. The comminution energy can be estimated by the present empirical correlations within an accuracy of ±30 percent. To evaluate the effect of semi-carbonization process on the energy reduction of transport and comminution, an analysis of energy consumptions is conducted. From the result of analysis, it is found that the energy consumption ratio is the minimum at a mass yield condition of 0.6 for the same transport distance.
  • MIZUNO Satoru; MORITA Akihiro; IDA Tamio; NAMBA Kunihiko; FUCHIHATA Manabu; SAWAI Toru
    Journal of High Temperature Society 高温学会 34 (4) 153 - 159 0387-1096 2008/07 [Refereed]
     
    Effective utilization of biomass resource rapidly has been promoting since the government adopted the 'Biomass Nippon' strategy at a cabinet meeting in 2002. Especially, the energy conversion technology of applying biomass has been expected from a point of view of environment and resource conservation. However, the energy conversion technologies are developed only for woody and herby biomass, and not for all of biomass. A stable supply of large quantity of biomass will be pressed in the future because the conversion technology must expand to use a variety of biomass. This study is to consider ways by various quantitative correlation analyses between the atomic composition and thermal decomposition of various biomass samples. The results found that thermal decomposition analyses of various biomass resources have correlations between atomic composition properties and exothermic properties.
  • SAWAI Toru; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; KAJI Masuo; AKASAKA Motofumi
    Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. B 一般社団法人日本機械学会 74 (741) 1032 - 1039 0387-5016 2008/05 [Refereed]
     
    The unused biomass such as residues left on forest floor and unused portions of farm crops is considered as an important domestic and renewable energy resource. The present study addresses the forestry biomass derived from logging and thinning operations in forests. Since most of the forests in Japan locate in the mountain region, the forestry biomass has not been used continually due to the difficulty in carrying residues out of the forest. In order to promote the utilization of forestry biomass, the efficiencies for the transportation across steep slopes have to be improved. In the present study, the new method to transport wood chips by means of liquid film flow in sloped pipeline is proposed. The transportation limit of wood chips is investigated by using the test section imitating the sloped rough terrain pipeline. The wood chips are stagnated in the downstream region of hydraulic jump, which causes blockage of wood chips in the tube. To predict the flow rate of transportation limit of wood chips at a given liquid flow rate, analytical model is presented. From the comparison with the experimental results, it is found that the transportation limit in the sloped pipeline with horizontal tube can be predicted by the present analytical model.
  • SAWAI Toru
    Proceedings of the Japan Society for Photoelasticity The Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics 7 27 - 32 1346-4930 2007/07 [Refereed]
     
    The effects of surfactant additives on the pressure drop and the gas-liquid interfacial structure are experimentally investigated in horizontal two-phase flow. The surfactant used in the experiment is n-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Chloride mixed with a counter-ion sodium salicylate, and is called CTAC hereafter. Simultaneous measurements of liquid holdup and differential pressures are conducted for two test tubes with inner diameters of 13.5mm and 5.0mm. The slug flow regime is affected by the addition of CTAC. The CTAC acts as a foaming agent, and many fine bubbles are suspended in the liquid phase, which leads to the reduction in the average liquid holdup for liquid slug region. The intermittent flow with CTAC additive is called "foam-slug flow" in the present study. The drag reduction is observed in the foam-slug flow regime, and is achieved up to 30%. The drag reduction range is correlated with friction velocity, and the upper limit of friction velocity for drag reduction range is found to be 0.1m/s in both test tubes. In annular flow, an increase in frictional pressure gradient is observed. This is due to the increase in wall shear stress caused by the decrease in the liquid holdup.
  • SAWAI Toru; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; AKASAKA Motofumi; KAJI Masuo; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; HONJYO Takako; SANO Hiroshi
    Journal of High Temperature Society 高温学会 33 (1) 31 - 37 0387-1096 2007/01 [Refereed]
     
    Sugi thinnings with small diameter that are not suitable for lumber can be considered as important domestic energy resources. To utilize Sugi thinnings as alternative fuel of coal cokes, properties of compressive strength and heating value of compressed semi-carbonized wood fuel are investigated. To enhance the heating value, "semi-carbonization", that is the pyrolysis in the temperature range between 200 and 400 degree, is conducted. From the variation of heating value and energy yield of char with pyrolysis temperature, the semi-carbonization pyrolysis is found to be the upgrading technology to convert the woody biomass into the high energy density fuel at high energy yield. To increase the compressive strength, "Cold Isostatic Pressing" method is adopted. The compressive strength of the compressed wood fuel decreases with pyrolysis temperature, while the heating value increases. The drastic decrease in the compressive strength is observed at temperature of 250 degree. The increase in the hydrostatic compression pressure improves the compressive strength for an entire range of semi-carbonization pyrolysis. The alternative fuel with high heating value and high compressive strength can be produced by the semi-carbonization processing at temperature of 280 degree for wood fuel compressed at hydrostatic pressure of 200MPa.
  • SAWAI Toru; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; HONJO Takako; SANO Hiroshi; NANBA Kunihiko; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; SAKON Takanori
    Environmental conservation engineering 環境技術学会 35 (12) 916 - 923 0388-9459 2006/12 [Refereed]
     
    Pruned branches from fruit trees are agricultural by-products and can be considered important woody biomass resources in fruit tree producing districts. Little attention has been given to the energy utilization of pruned branches from fruit trees. To utilize pruned branches as fuel, the ash content and the competition with compost utilization have to be clarified. Investigations of ash property and ultimate analysis were conducted for pruned branches from the four major fruit trees cultivated in Wakayama prefecture, and the following results were obtained. Both the ash and nitrogen contents increase with a decrease in average diameter of pruned branches, and they are correlated with branch diameter. To clarify the criterion of discrimination between energy and compost utilization, the relationship between the ash content and C/N ratio is presented. It was found that pruned branches greater than 10 mm in diameter give minimum C/N ratio of 100 and maximum ash content of 1.5% are suitable for the energy utilization. The ignition delay time of ume plum branches is smaller than that of woody pellet fuels, and therefore ume plum pruned branches are considered to be promising alternative fuels.
  • MORITA Akihiro; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; SAWAI Toru; SANO Hiroshi
    Energy and resources エネルギー・資源学会 26 (4) 289 - 293 0285-0494 2005/07 [Refereed]
     
    In this study, a technique for an estimation of the quantitative correlation between of sloping land and biomass resource is proposed. In particular, a new index is presented for the estimation of woody biomass resources using by the land record data issued by the Geographical Survey Institute and also using by the municipal statistical data in order to ensure that woody biomass resources are effectively managed. The woody biomass resources was evaluated and by correlating municipal statistical data and land record data to define the renewable sloping forest rate, it was possible to propose an estimation method which can quantitatively evaluate the resources of the steep forests which exist in Japan.
  • Toru Sawai; Masuo Kaji; Goichi Matsui
    Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part B Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 71 (710) 2427 - 2433 0387-5016 2005 [Refereed]
     
    To clarify the effect of flow orientation on the gas-liquid interfacial structure and frictional pressure gradient in a narrow rectangular channel, simultaneous measurements of pressure gradients and spatio-temporal characteristics of gas-liquid interface are conducted for three different flow orientations vertical upward flow (V flow), horizontal flow between horizontal plates (H-H flow) and horizontal flow between vertical plates (H-V flow). The velocity field in the liquid flow with interfacial waves is also measured by the PIV and LIF methods. The interfacial structure at low gas and low liquid flow rates is greatly affected by the flow orientation, and the complicated interfacial structure is observed in V flow. To predict the frictional pressure gradient, the wave model which takes account of the wall shear stress for the wave propagation and base film flow is presented. From the comparison of experimental results with predictions by the present model, it is found that the difference in the frictional pressure gradient between the three flow orientations is closely related to the characteristics of interfacial waves as well as the average liquid velocity.
  • T Sawai; M Kaji; T Kasugai; H Nakashima; T Mori
    EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC 28 (6) 597 - 606 0894-1777 2004/06 [Refereed]
     
    Oscillatory characteristics of churn flow in the intermediate region between the annular and slug flows were experimentally investigated. To clarify the effects of the oscillatory motion of the liquid flow on the frictional pressure gradient, simultaneous measurements of the pressure drop and the spatio-temporal gas-liquid interface structure were conducted. From a comparison of time-averaged frictional pressure gradients with conventional correlations for steady two-phase flow, it was found that the measured frictional pressure gradient in the oscillatory flow was much greater than that predicted by correlations especially for churn flow under low liquid flow rate conditions. The liquid flow structure of churn flow was characterized by the flooding-type large wave formed on the thin liquid film. As the liquid flow rate decreased, the wave velocity became much higher than the average liquid velocity, which suggested that the frictional pressure gradient was dominantly caused not by the steady liquid film flow, but by the propagation of large wave. A large wave model was proposed, and was confirmed to be valid for predicting the frictional pressure gradient in both the churn and annular flow regions. For a practical calculation, a simple predictive method of the frictional pressure gradient for the churn and annular flows was also presented by means of the correlations of the two-phase friction multiplier and the liquid holdup. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  • Toru Sawai; Takeshi Kajimoto; Takako Honjyo; Hiroshi Sano; Tamio Ida; Manabu Fuchihata; Masuo Kaji
    Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Japan Institute of Energy 83 (10) 782 - 787 0916-8753 2004 [Refereed]
     
    "Semi-carbonization" pyrolysis was studied for cellulose, citric acid, and their mixtures. The acid additives promoted dehydration of cellulose and affected the weight yield of char derived from cellulose within the temperature region of the semi-carbonization pyrolysis. The transportation analysis model of the semi-carbonized fuel was presented to evaluate the optimum weight yield for a given transportation distance. The acid additives reduced the weight yield at a given pyrolysis temperature and contributed to improving the transportation of the semi-carbonized fuel.
  • M.Kaji・T.Sawai; K.Mori
    Thermal Science & Engineering Heat Transfer Society of Japan 11 (6) 59 - 66 0918-9963 2003/11 [Refereed]
     
    To investigate the analogy between heat transfer and fluid friction of two-phase flow in minichannel, heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and void fraction were simultaneously measured for vertical upward heated air-water two-phase flow in a 2.01 mm I.D. stainless steel tube. Void fraction was slightly different from Smith’s correlation and drift flux model, but the latter gave fairly good prediction when α>0.8. Frictional pressure losses were greater than the experimental results of Mishima-Hibiki for a 2.05 mm I.D. Pyrex glass tube and the correlation of Chisholm-Laird. Heat transfer coefficients agreed with our previous experimental results for a 8.03 mm I.D. tube. A theoretical calculation was performed for an annular liquid film flow model using experimental values of wall shear stress and liquid holdup, and satisfactory results were obtained except when the liquid flow rate was very low.
  • Toru Sawai; Masuo Kaji; Takehiro Kasugai
    Nippon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, B Hen/Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part B Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 68 (676) 3245 - 3251 0387-5016 2002 [Refereed]
     
    Simultaneous measurements of pressure gradients and spatio-temporal characteristics of gas-liquid interface are conducted in vertical upward two-phase flow. To clarify the mechanism of frictional pressure losses for slug, churn and annular flow regimes, a hydrodynamic flow model is presented which permits predictions of the frictional pressure gradient for a wide range of flow regimes. The liquid flow structure is assumed to consist of waves propagating upward and base film flow. The contributions of waves and base film flow to the frictional pressure gradients are presented by considering P. D. F. for liquid holdup. At low liquid flow rate, the wave velocity is much higher than the absolute velocity of the base film, and the frictional pressure gradient is dominantly caused by the wave propagation. At high liquid flow rate, the contribution of the base film flow becomes comparable to that of waves. The agreement between the predicted frictional pressure gradients by the present model and experimental data is fairly good.
  • Toru Sawai; Masuo Kaji
    Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, B Hen/Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part B Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 67 (654) 356 - 363 0387-5016 2001 [Refereed]
     
    In the vertical upward gas-liquid two-phase flow, churn flow is a distinctive flow pattern that appears in the intermediate region between annular and slug flow. To clarify the flow characteristics of churn flow, simultaneous measurements of spatio-temporal characteristics of gas-liquid interface and pressure gradients are conducted at low liquid flow rate conditions. Flow reversal of the liquid film and large wave formation are found to be characteristic features in this regime. The decrease of gas flow rate makes the flow oscillation more violent, which induces a breakdown of the continuous gas core by bridging of the liquid film, and eventually leads to the flow pattern transition from churn to slug flow. The effect of flow structure of churn flow on the frictional pressure gradient is also investigated. It is found that the negative slope and the drastic decease in the frictional pressure gradient are attributable to the propagation of large wave and the formation of the developing slug flow, respectively.
  • KAJI Masou; MORI Koji; MATSUMOTO Tadayosi; OISHI Masaya; SAWAI To'oru; NAKANISHI Shigeyasu
    Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. B 一般社団法人日本機械学会 64 (626) 3343 - 3349 0387-5016 1998/10 [Refereed]
     
    Heat transfer and CHF (Critical heat flux) characteristics of flow boiling of R-113 in helically coiled tubes were experimentally investigated. Two coiled tubes with coil diameters of 0.165 and 0.32m, and 10mm I.D. were tested at a pressure of 0.39 MPa. In the nucleate boiling region, circumferential difference in heat transfer was not clarified qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The ratio of circumferential average boiling heat transfer coefficient to that of the single-phase flow in a curved tube, h_<TP>/h_<LO>, was found to be rather close to the correlations of Pujol-Stenning and Ueda-Kim for a straight tube flow. In the high quality region, the heat transfer coefficient was highest at the coil outside and lowest at the inside, and the average heat transfer coefficient ratio h_<TP>/h_<Lo> was expressed in terms of Martinelli parameter, X_<tt>, only. A correlation applicable to both the nucleate boiling and forced convective evaporation regions was proposed. The CHF of the coiled tube was higher than that of the straight tube when the coil diameter was small, but it became considerably low at low mass velocity when the coil diameter was large.
  • Shigeyasu Nakanishi; Toru Sawai; Shoji Yamauchi
    Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineering The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 59 (557) 204 - 211 0387-5016 1993/01 [Refereed]
     
    The characteristics of flow oscillations in density wave instabilities are experimentally investigated by means of the deterministic manner based on chaotic dynamics. The results are as follows. ( 1 ) The least number of significant figures of the time-series data is two, but it is plausible to take more than three if possible. ( 2 ) The flow oscillation analyzed in this paper is chaotic and obeys a dynamics with a small degree of freedom. ( 3 ) Given the mass flux, the dimension of the attractor in the unstable region decreases with the heat flux, which means that the randomness of the dynamics gradually attenuates with departure from the stability threshold and the structure of the attractor becomes simpler. ( 4 ) The dimension of the attractor can be related to the fundamental frequency, which means that the characteristics of the chaotic dynamics generating the density wave instability depend mainly on the fundamental frequency in the flow oscillation independent of the differences in the experimental conditions.
  • Analysis of the Flow Reversal in Natural-Circulation Boiler
    Shoji Yamauchi; Toru Sawai; Shigeyasu Nakanishi
    Japanese Journal of Multipahse Flow 3 (2) 120 - 130 1989/06 [Refereed]
     
    Flow reversal phenomena in natural-circulation boilers are studied analytically according to both the homogeneous-flow model and the slip-flow model. In the latter model Thom's pressure drop correlation is used. The pressure drop between the upper steam-water drum and the lower header is assumed not to be affected by inception of reverse flow in an evaporator tube which will be analyzed later.
    The mechanism of flow reversal is examined through analysis of the static flow characteristics of the evaporator tube in the non-dimensional form. Some important dimensionless parameters are introduced and their effects on inception of reverse flow are studied.
    It was found that the criterion of flow reversal is correlated practically with only three dimensionless parameters. Finally, an approximate method to predict flow reversal is put forward.
  • T. Sawai; S. Yamauchi; S. Nakanishi
    International Journal of Multiphase Flow Elsevier BV 15 (3) 341 - 356 0301-9322 1989/05 [Refereed]
     
    The behavior of disturbance waves in boiling steam-water two-phase flow is experimentally investigated at a pressure of 2.95 MPa. A new type of hydrodynamic non-equilibrium is introduced: the imbalance in the liquid distribution between the base film and individual disturbance waves (“B—D non-equilibrium”). This non-equilibrium is postulated to be one of the main causes of the difference between the behavior of disturbance waves in a boiling system and that in the corresponding adiabatic air-water system, and is confirmed by examination of its recovery process in unheated channels attached downstream of a boiling section and by its simulation in air-water shear flow. Finally, examination of the data for fully-developed adiabatic flow suggests some difference in the behavior of disturbance waves in the steam-water system and in the air-water system.
  • NAKANISHI Shigeyasu; KAJI Masuo; YAMAUCHI Shoji; SAWAI Tooru
    Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 53 (487) 1091 - 1096 0387-5016 1987 [Refereed]
     
    Additional experimental data of the disturbance waves in boiling two-phase flow were obtained over a wider range of quality than our previous study [1]. In order to clarify the differences in the characteristics of the disturbance waves between the boiling steam-water system and the adiabatic air-water system, two effects were experimentally investigated. One was the effect of hydrodynamic non-equilibrium due to boiling, namely the modification of the liquid distribution among the base film, disturbance waves and entrainment. The other was that of the gas-liquid density ratio. In the experiments with the evaporating tube followed by the unheated section, the former effect was observed in the standard deviation of the wave propagation velocity, the mean wave time-separation and the wave shape. Finally by comparing the data of the steam-water system with those of the air -water system for three density ratios, it was concluded that the disturbance waves between both systems were different in nature.
  • NAKANISHI Shigeyasu; KAJI Masuo; YAMAUCHI Shoji; SAWAI To'oru
    Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 51 (463) 1026 - 1032 0387-5016 1985/03 [Refereed]
     
    Behaviors of disturbance waves in an evaporating tube are experimentally investigated in high quality region using conductance probe method under the following conditions : pressure 2.95 Mpa, mass velocity 300, 500 and 700kg/(m<SUP>2</SUP> ·s), heat flux up to 1.2 MW/m<SUP>2</SUP> and thermodynamic quality larger than 0.80. As the results of comparison with air-water adiabatic data, it is found that the disturbance waves in the boiling steam-warter system has the following remarkable features ; a) the wave does not take sharp spike like form and has a log tail, b) scattering of the propagation speed is larger than that of the air-water system, c) the space separation of two neighboring wave does not vary significantiy with the quality. It is also confirmed that the disturbance waves have a close connection with the wall temperature fluctuation at the dryout region.
  • S NAKANISHI; M KAJI; S YAMAUCHI; Y KAZUOKA; T SAWAI
    PHYSICOCHEMICAL HYDRODYNAMICS PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD 6 (1-2) 157 - 164 0191-9059 1985 [Refereed]
  • NAKANISHI S.; KAJI Masuo; YAMAUCHI Shoji; KAZUOKA Yoichi; SAWAI To'oru
    Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. Series B. The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 50 (452) 1152 - 1158 0387-5016 1984/04 [Refereed]
     
    A new model which well explains the stochastic characteristics of the dryout phenomenon observed on evaporating tubes is proposed. In this model, the dryout region is intermittently quenched by liquid fed by the disturbance waves arrived at this region and suffers rather random wet-dry cycle, which causes the wall temperature fluctuations. In order to prove validity and usefulness of this model, a Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted at the condition corresponding to a typical run of our experimental data reported in our previous paper. The power spectra of the wall temperature fluctuations are well approximated by our model, which shows its superiority to the rivulet model. Some properties of our simulation model are also examined.

Books etc

  • Handbook of Experimental Mechanics (Heat transfer engineering pp.97-100)
    朝倉書店 2008
  • MATLAB Beginner's Guide
    SHigeyasu Nakanishi; Koji Mori; Toru Sawai; Yoichi Shiomi Sankaido 2001
  • Disturbance Wave in Boiling Flow
    S.Nakanishi; S.Yamauchi; T.Sawai (pp.185-212)Dynamics of Two-Phase Flow CRC Press 1992

Conference Activities & Talks

  • Effect of Torrefaction Degree on Extrusion Force of Softened Wood Powder  [Not invited]
    Toru SAWAI; Hiroki IMAMURA
    第25回日本エネルギー学会大会  2016/08
  • Energy Properties of Torrefied Biofuel from Cellulose  [Not invited]
    Toru Sawai; Satoru Mizuno; Tamio Ida
    International Conference on Business and Industrial Research 2016  2016/05
  • 半炭化バイオ固体燃料のエネルギー特性と測色値による評価  [Not invited]
    澤井徹; 片山一郎; 梶本武志; 佐野寛; 本庄孝子
    第24回日本エネルギー学会大会  2015/08
  • SAWAI Toru; KATAYAMA Ichiro; KITABAYASHI Yoshie; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; SANO Hiroshi; HONJYO Takako
    日本エネルギー学会大会講演要旨集  2014/07 
    The torrefaction is one of the reforming methods to convert the woody biomass into a form with high heating value under the condition of high energy yield. The torrefaction process also performs a function as the energy required to grind becomes small. To investigate non-invasive evaluation of the torrefied woody biomass, the relationship between colorimetric values and mass yield Y_M of torrefied biomass is experimentally obtained. In the case that Y_M is above 0.9, Y_M is expressed as a function of L^*, and in the case that Y_M is below 0.9, Y_M is expressed as a function of a^*. The experimental results can be estimated by using the present non-invasive evaluation within accuracy of±10%.
  • Study on Transportation of Japanese-style bedding using a Digital Mannequin  [Not invited]
    廣川 敬康; 渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 株)アイヴィス
    日本人間工学会  2013/12  京都工芸繊維大学  日本人間工学会
     
    デジタルマネキンを用いて，ふとんに持ち手をつけた場合の運びやすさに関する研究を行った．
  • Usability of Flick Input with Fit-key on Smartphone  [Not invited]
    廣川 敬康; 渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史
    2013/11  仙台 
    フィットキー機能を有するスマートフォンにおいて日本語入力のしやすさを調べるために筋電図計測実験を行った．
  • Usability Analysis of Character Input with Smartphone Fit Key System  [Not invited]
    廣川 敬康; 渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史
    ヒューマンインタフェース学会  2013/09  早稲田大学  ヒューマンインタフェース学会
     
    フィットキー機能を有するスマートフォンにおいて日本語入力のしやすさを調べるために筋電図計測実験を行った．
  • The effect of a metal plate barrier blocking channel in the forced convection of rectangular modules  [Not invited]
    藤井 雅雄; 澤井 徹
    日本実験力学会  2013/08  日本実験力学会
     
    電子機器に搭載されるLSIなど高発熱密度の発熱体は，周囲の部品群や筐体などで囲われ冷却効果が十分に得られない場合がある．本研究では，強制空冷下にある直方型発熱体の高さに対して高低差のある無孔及び多孔金属板障害物の影響を実験的に検討し、伝熱制御のメカニズムを検討した。
  • Falling behavior simulation of a seated Human body on a carriage at experimental collision  [Not invited]
    渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 廣川 敬康; オートリブ株式会社
    International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference  2013/07  Anchorage(USA)  International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference
     
    高速船の衝突を模擬して行った衝突実験において、台車上に着座している人体の転倒挙動を再現するために数値シミュレーションを行った。
  • Discussion on Input Method of Smart Phone based on EMG  [Not invited]
    廣川 敬康; 渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史
    ヒューマンインタフェース学会  2012/09  九州大学  ヒューマンインタフェース学会
     
    スマートフォンでの文字入力時の母指の姿勢を分析し，筋電図計測実験を行って文字入力のしやすさを検討した．
  • Structure Analysis on Honeycomb Panel with Press Formed Core  [Not invited]
    大政 光史; 西 健治; 廣川 敬康; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 渋江 唯司
    日本機械学会  2012/09  日本機械学会（金沢市）  日本機械学会
     
    ハニカム・サンドイッチ・パネルのコア材として、様々な形状にプレス成型した薄板を用い、静的荷重をかけた場合の有限要素解析を行った。前報の菱形や六角形に加えて波型のような曲線形状についても解析を行い、パネルのたわみ量や応力分布を比較し、軽量で剛性・強度が向上するコア形状について検討した。
  • 衝突時のバス乗客の転倒挙動を模擬する台車実験計測  [Not invited]
    渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 廣川 敬康
    日本機械学会2012年度年次大会  2012/09  金沢市  日本機械学会2012年度年次大会
     
    バスの衝突事故を想定し、台車上に立っている乗客の転倒挙動を計測するために実施した衝突実験の装置と実験結果を紹介する。
  • Ergonomic Design of Shower Chair by using Digital Manikins  [Not invited]
    廣川 敬康; 渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 株)エルゴビジョン
    日本人間工学会  2012/06  九州大学  日本人間工学会
     
    コンピュータマネキンを用いて介護用シャワーチェアからの立ち上がり動作の解析と人間工学設計を行った．
  • Falling behavior simulation of a standing human body on a carriage at experimental collision, to simulate a collision between a high speed ship and a quay  [Not invited]
    渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 廣川 敬康; 山東鉄工所
    International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference  2012/06  Rhodes(Greece)  International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference
     
    高速船と岸壁の衝突を再現するために、台車上に立った人体の衝突実験を実施し、実験を対象とした転倒挙動の数値シミュレーションを行った。
  • SHIBUE Tadashi; MISUMI Rie; NISHI Kenji; HAYAMI Takashi; SAWAI Toru; OHMASA Mitsushi; HEROKAWA Noriyasu
    Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan  2011/09 
    Transient behavior of a passenger's body standing within a bus at sudden stop is estimated based on finite element method. The purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of the velocity of the bus, the grip force of the passenger, facing direction and friction between shoes and floor on the falling behavior of a passenger's body at sudden stop. The bus model is made to represent the arrangement of a bus used for local transportation. The human body model is made to represent aged woman of about 70 years old, based on the human body scantling database of AIST Japan. As the first step of simulation, gravity effects are applied to the whole model. Then, initial velocity is applied to both the bus model and the human body model. The bus model collides with the barrier model to simulate the sudden stop of the bus. The FEM code LS-DYNA is used for current simulation.
  • FUJII Masao; SAWAI Toru
    Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan  2011/09 
    Two rectangular block-like elements as an electronic module are positioned in a parallel-walled channel and cooled by forced convection airflow. A metal plate without holes as a barrier was put in front of the modules, which is intended to function as a cover for protecting them from mechanical or electromagnetic damage, or as a thermal control device. Per-module heat transfer coefficients in the presence of the barrier of various gap, G, between the barrier and the channel and distance, L, between the module and the barrier were measured. Nusselt numbers are correlated as a function of Reynolds number and G/L.
  • OHMASA Mitsushi; SUGIMOTO YUichi; NISHI Kenji; HIROKAWA Takayasu; HAYAMI Takashi; SAWAI Toru; SHIBUE Tadashi
    Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan  2011/09 
    Honeycomb panels with diamond-cut patterned core were analyzed by the finite element method applying thestatic bend load. The structure analysis were done when core size and joint shape were changed. The thickness of coreplates was decreased to keep light weight. The displacement and the stress distribution of panels were compared, andthe effect of the core size on the rigidity ofpanels was examined.
  • State of Thumb in Operating Cellular Phone Key  [Not invited]
    廣川 敬康; 渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史
    ヒューマンインタフェース学会  2011/09  仙台  ヒューマンインタフェース学会
     
    携帯電話のキー操作をする際の母指の姿勢を分析した．
  • Effect of Core Size on Rigidity of Honeycomb Panel with Dia-cut Patterned Core  [Not invited]
    大政 光史; 杉本雄一; 西 健治; 廣川 敬康; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 渋江 唯司
    日本機械学会  2011/09  東京都  日本機械学会
  • The effect of a metal plate barrier without holes in forced convection of rectangular modules  [Not invited]
    藤井 雅雄; 澤井 徹
    日本機械学会  2011/09  日本機械学会全国大会（東京工大）  日本機械学会
     
    電子機器に搭載されるLSIなど高発熱密度の発熱体は，周囲の部品群や筐体などで囲われ冷却効果が十分に得られない場合がある．本研究では，強制空冷下にある直方型発熱体の高さに対して高低差のある孔なし金属板障害物の影響を実験的に検討した。高低差によって、伝熱制御効果の異なることを示すと同時に、熱伝達特性に無次元整理式を提案した。
  • 渋江 唯司; 三角 梨恵; 西 健治; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 廣川 敬康
    日本機械学会2011年度年次大会  2011/09  東京都  日本機械学会2011年度年次大会
  • 木質バイオマスの粉砕特性と嵩密度  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 梶本武志
    日本実験力学会年次大会  2011/08  長崎  日本実験力学会年次大会
  • NISHI Kenji; SAWAI Toru; OHMASA Mitsushi; HIROKAWA Noriyasu; SHIBUE Tadashi; KAJIMOTO Takeshi
    National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems  2011/06 
    In recent years, much attention has been focused on the energy utilization of woody biomass to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas. When the woody biomass is utilized, it is necessary to examine the energy consumption for collection of resources, pretreatment, transportation and after-treatment. The pretreatment of pulverized wood fuel is consisted of three procedures; drying, semi-carbonization and fine comminution. The purpose of the study is to investigate the comminution characteristic of the Japanese cedar thinning and the reduction in energy consumption for pretreatment process and transportation of pulverized wood fuel. Analysis of energy consumption for the pretreatment process and transportation is conducted by using the present empirical equations of work index. From the result of analysis, it is found that the semi-carbonization at a temperature of 250 degree C is effective to the reduction in total energy consumption, when the pulverized wood fuel of 2000 microns or less in particle size is utilized.
  • ICHINO Yoshimitsu; NISHI Kenji; SAWAI Toru; TAKATSUJI Wataru; IMANISHI Toshito; YAMAGIWA Yoshinobu; KAJIMOTO Takeshi
    National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems  2011/06 
    The purpose of this study is to develop "Semi-Carbonized Wood-Briquette Fuels (SCWB)" used in the Pulverized coal fired power plant. This study was conducted to clarify reduction effect in GHG for co-combustion in the coal fired power plants and optimum molding conditions of Biomass solid fuels. The experimental results obtained are as follows. (1) Optimum molding temperature of SCWB: Density of SCWB has the highest value when consolidated at thermo-fluid occurrence temperature of material. (2) Reduction effect in GHG: SCWB has the highest reduction of GHG owing to its higher bulk density and better grindability than other fuels. It is found that SCWB are appropriate for co-combustion in the Pulverized coal fired power plant.
  • 木質系粉砕物燃料製造時の粉砕エネルギー評価  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 廣川 敬康; 渋江 唯司; 梶本 武志
    日本機械学会・第16回動力・エネルギー技術シンポジウム  2011/06  吹田  日本機械学会・第16回動力・エネルギー技術シンポジウム
  • 半炭化木質ブリケット燃料のGHG削減効果と最適成形条件  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 高辻 渉; 今西; 敏人; 山際; 秀誠; 梶本 武志
    日本機械学会・第16回動力・エネルギー技術シンポジウム  2011/06  吹田  日本機械学会・第16回動力・エネルギー技術シンポジウム
  • 渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 廣川 敬康; 西健治
    International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference  2011/06  Maui,Hawaii(USA)  International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference
  • Ergonomic Design of Daily Use Products by using Computer Manikins  [Not invited]
    廣川 敬康; 渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 廣瀬 尚三
    日本人間工学会  2011/06  東京  日本人間工学会
     
    コンピュータマネキンを用いた日常生活用品の人間工学設計を行った．
  • ICHINO Yoshimitsu; NISHI Kenji; SAWAI Toru; TAKATSUJI Wataru; IMANISHI Toshito; YAMAGIWA Yoshinobu
    関西支部講演会講演論文集  2011/03
  • NISHI Kenji; HIROKAWA Noriyasu; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; SAWAI Toru; OHMASA Mitsushi; SHIBUE Tadashi
    関西支部講演会講演論文集  2011/03
  • 木ノ本 慶樹; 西 健治; 澤井 徹; 梶本 武志; 渋江 唯司; 廣川 敬康
    関西支部講演会講演論文集  2011/03
  • 木質系粉砕物燃料の前処理工程におけるエネルギー消費  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 廣川 敬康; 渋江 唯司; 梶本武志
    日本機械学会関西支部  2011/03  京都  日本機械学会関西支部
  • 樹皮の熱流動化現象と押出成形時の流動特性  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 渋江 唯司; 廣川 敬康; 梶本武志
    日本機械学会関西支部  2011/03  京都  日本機械学会関西支部
  • 竹とスギ炭化物を混合したバイオコークスの圧縮強度特性  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 井田 民男
    日本機械学会関西支部  2011/03  京都  日本機械学会関西支部
  • LCAによる半炭化バイオブリケット燃料のGHG削減効果  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 高辻 渉; 今西敏人; 山際秀誠
    日本機械学会関西支部  2011/03  京都  日本機械学会関西支部
  • SAWAI Toru; ICHINO Yoshimitsu; NISI Kenji; TAKATSUJI Wataru; IMANISHI Toshito; YAMAGIWA Yoshinobu
    バイオマス科学会議発表論文集  2011/01 
    To reduce the emission of CO_2, the power generation by coal and biomass co-firing at existing pulverized coal fired power plants has come to attract attention. In the present study, a continuous production system of semi-carbonized woody briquette is proposed. The pretreatment of semi-carbonization and compaction forming before transportation can be effective in reducing the energy consumption for fme pulverization and transportation. Assuming that the domestic forestry biomass in Wakayama prefecture is used as a fuel in pulverized coal fired power plants, the reduction in GUG is analyzed by LCA. To form the compaction fuel, the thermo-fluid phenomena of semi-carbonized woody biomass and the optimal conditions of compaction forming are investigated.
  • 木質バイオマスの粉砕特性  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 廣川 敬康
    高温学会秋季講演会  2010/12  吹田  高温学会秋季講演会
  • 木材の熱流動化現象と半炭化圧密燃料の成形性  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 高辻 渉; 今西; 敏人; 山際 秀樹
    高温学会秋季講演会  2010/12  吹田  高温学会秋季講演会
  • ICHINO Yoshimitsu; NISI Kenji; SAWAI Toru; TAKATSUJI Wataru; IMANISHI Toshito; YAMAGIWA Yoshinobu
    高温学会誌  2010/11
  • NISHI Kenji; ICHINO Yoshimitsu; SAWAI Toru; OHMASA Mitsushi; HIROKAWA Noriyasu
    高温学会誌  2010/11
  • 炭化物混合の竹バイオコークスの成形特性  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 井田 民男
    日本設計工学会関西支部講演会  2010/11  寝屋川  日本設計工学会関西支部講演会
  • Scratch Test of Simulated Body Fluid-derived Hydroxyapatite Film on Biomedical Titanium Substrates  [Not invited]
    速水 尚; 西川 博昭; 楠 正暢; 本津 茂樹; 大政 光史; 澤井 徹; 京都大学再生医科学研究所
    the 3rd International Congress on Ceramics  2010/11  Osaka  the 3rd International Congress on Ceramics
     
    擬似体液由来アパタイトの基材密着性と剥離挙動をナノスクラッチテストによって詳細に観察した結果を発表した。
  • OHMASA Mitsushi; SHIBUE Tadashi; HIROKAWA Takayasu; HAYAMI Takashi; SAWAI Toru
    年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting  2010/09 
    Honeycomb panels with diamond-cut patterned core were analyzed by the finite element method applying the static bend load. The structure analysis were done when the angle or polygonal shape of the core were changed. The thickness of core plates was decreased to keep light weight. The stress distribution and the displacement of around the joint parts were compared, and the effect of the core shape on the rigidity of panels was examined.
  • SHIBUE Tadashi; HAYAMI Takashi; SAWAI Toru; OHMASA Mitsushi; HIROKAWA Takayasu
    年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting  2010/09 
    Transient behaviour of a passenger's body standing within a train at an accidental collision is estimated based on finite element method. The purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of facing direction and grip force on the behaviour of a passenger's body at the accidental collision. A passenger's body model and a train model are developed to proceed a numerical simulation within a short time.
  • KINOMOTO Yoshiki; SAWAI Toru; MINENO Tomoyuki; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; SHIBUE Tadashi; HIROKAWA Noriyasu
    年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting  2010/09 
    Woody biomass has come to attract attention as renewable resources because of the issue of global warming and air pollution. Plastics substitution is one of the most promising utility form of woody biomass, and many studies have been made on the molding method of wood. But that has been no study on the injection molding of thermal fluid wood powder. To clarity viscous property of thermal fluid wood powder, experimental studies on the flow characteristics of thermal fluid wood powder are conducted. It is confirmed that thermal fluid wood powder has non-Newtonian flow property, and the empirical equation to predict the viscosity is developed.
  • ICHINO Yoshimitsu; SAWAI Toru; HAYAMI Takashi; OHMASA Mitsushi; TAKATSUJI Wataru; IMANISHI Toshito; YAMAGIWA Yoshinobu
    年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting  2010/09 
    The purpose of this study is to develop "Semi-carbonized Bio-solid Fuels" used in the pulverized coal fired power plant. Experimental studies on formability of molded fuel and thermo-fluid phenomena of woody biomass are conducted to clarify the optimum molding conditions. The experimental results obtained are as follows. (1) Thermo-fluid phenomena of woody biomass: The occurrence temperature of thermo-fluid phenomena decreases as the molding pressure and the water content are increased. (2)Compression molding of semi-carbonized material: Rise in the molding temperature and the water content of woody biomass improve formability of molded fuel. It is found that the optimum molding conditions are closely related to the occurrence of Thermo-fluid phenomena of woody biomass.
  • 竹を用いたバイオコークスの成形性に関する研究  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 井田 民男
    環境技術学会研究発表大会  2010/09  京都  環境技術学会研究発表大会
  • 半炭化木質バイオマスの粉砕特性に関する研究  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 廣川 敬康
    環境技術学会研究発表大会  2010/09  京都  環境技術学会研究発表大会
  • 熱流動化木粉の押出成形時における成形性及び流動特性  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 渋江 唯司; 廣川 敬康; 梶本 武志
    日本機械学会年次大会  2010/09  名古屋  日本機械学会年次大会
  • 半炭化バイオ固体燃料の成形性  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 速水 尚; 大政 光史; 高辻 渉; 今西 敏人; 山際 秀誠
    日本機械学会年次大会  2010/09  名古屋  日本機械学会年次大会
  • Effect of Core Shape on Rigidity of Honeycomb Panel with Dia-cut Patterned Core  [Not invited]
    大政 光史; 渋江 唯司; 廣川 敬康; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹
    日本機械学会  2010/09  愛知県  日本機械学会
     
    通常のハニカムパネルで用いられるハチの巣形状のコアの代わりに、いわゆるダイヤカットと呼ばれる凹凸を形成した薄板をコアとして挟み込んだパネルについて、静的曲げ荷重をかけた場合の解析を行った。コアの多角形の形状や凸部斜面の角度などを変更し、質量を同等にして比較するために板厚を変更して、有限要素法を用いた構造解析を行った。接合部周辺の応力分布やパネルたわみ量を比較し、剛性に及ぼすコア形状の影響について検討した。
  • Usability of Cellular Phone Key Layout based on EMG  [Not invited]
    廣川 敬康; 渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史
    ヒューマンインタフェース学会  2010/09  滋賀  ヒューマンインタフェース学会
     
    筋電図計測による携帯電話の押しやすいキー配置に関する研究を行った．
  • The effect of a metal plate barrier with circular holes blocking channel in forced convection of a circular cylinder  [Not invited]
    藤井 雅雄; 澤井 徹
    日本機械学会  2010/09  愛知県名古屋市 名古屋工業大学  日本機械学会
     
    電子機器に搭載されるLSIなど高発熱密度の発熱体は，周囲の部品群や筐体などで囲われ冷却効果が十分に得られない場合がある．本研究では，ある距離をもって流路を全面塞ぐように設置された多孔性金属板障害物が円筒型発熱体の強制空冷熱伝達特性に及ぼす影響を実験的に明らかにした．障害物後方の発熱体の熱伝達特性は促進される．障害物の孔径，開口率，障害物と発熱体の距離を含む無次元整理式を求めた.
  • 渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 廣川 敬康
    International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference  2010/06  Beijing（China)  International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference
  • Ergonomic Design with Digital Human and its Integration with EMG  [Not invited]
    廣川 敬康; 渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 廣瀬 尚三
    日本人間工学会  2010/06  札幌  日本人間工学会
     
    デジタルヒューマンと筋電図計測との統合化による人間工学設計の高度化の方法について検討した．
  • MINENO Tomoyuki; SAWAI Toru; HAYAMI Takashi; OMASA Mitushi; HIROKAWA Noriyasu; KAJI Masuo
    年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting  2009/09 
    Extrusion experiments for pruned branches from fruit tree and Japanese cedar thinning were conducted at a uniform press speed. The results obtained in the present study are as follows. (1) The formability in extrusion process is significantly affected by the forming temperature and moisture contents of samples. The molding defects are observed at a forming temperature below 120 degree C for the moisture content of 17%. It is considered that the expansion of moldings is due to the residual free water. (2) The dynamic equilibrium load decreases with increasing forming temperature and moisture content. The temperature for the thermo-fluid phenomena of wood powder depends on tree species. It is found that the forming temperature for the branches of Japanese apricot and persimmon is lower than that for Japanese cedar.
  • SHIBUE Tadashi; MURAMATO Izumi; HAYAMI Takashi; SAWAI Toru; OHMASA Mitsushi; HIROKAWA Takayasu
    年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting  2009/09 
    Transient behaviour of a passenger's body standing within a train at an accidental collision is estimated based on finite element method. The purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of facing direction and grip force on the behaviour of a passenger's body at the accidental collision. A passenger's body model and a train model are developed to proceed a numerical simulation within a short time.
  • 渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 廣川 敬康; 村本いづみ
    日本機械学会2009年度年次大会  2009/09  盛岡市  日本機械学会2009年度年次大会
  • EMG of Flexor Muscles in Operating Cellular Phone Keys  [Not invited]
    廣川 敬康; 渋江 唯司; 速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 大政 光史
    ヒューマンインタフェース学会  2009/09  東京  ヒューマンインタフェース学会
     
    携帯電話のキーの押しやすさを検討するために母指屈曲筋の筋電図計測を行った．
  • 木粉の圧密成形時における流動化現象  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 大政 光史; 梶本武志
    日本実験力学会年次大会  2009/08  東京  日本実験力学会年次大会
  • MINENO Tomoyuki; SAWAI Toru; HAYAMI Takashi; OMASA Mitushi; HIROKAWA Noriyasu
    関西支部講演会講演論文集  2009/03
  • 澤井 徹; 梶本 武志
    Proceedings of JSEM  2009
  • 熱流動化木粉の押出成形性に及ぼす木粉粒径，含水率，成形温度の影響  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 速水 尚; 大政 光史; 廣川 敬康
    日本設計工学会関西支部講演会  2008/11  寝屋川  日本設計工学会関西支部講演会
  • プレス成形ハニカムパネルの剛性・強度に及ぼすコア形状の影響  [Not invited]
    大政 光史; 廣川 敬康; 澤井 徹; 速水 尚; 渋江 唯司; 藤田 隆之
    日本設計工学会関西支部  2008/11  大阪  日本設計工学会関西支部
     
    凸状コア部を形成したハニカムパネルでコア形状を変えて有限要素法による解析を行い剛性・強度を比較した。
  • 日本語文ローマ字入力時の打鍵頻度を考慮したPCキーボード用キー配列の検討  [Not invited]
    廣川 敬康; 澤井 徹; 速水 尚; 大政 光史
    日本設計工学会  2008/11  寝屋川市  日本設計工学会
     
    日本語文ローマ字入力時の打鍵頻度を考慮したPCキーボード用キー配列について検討した．
  • X線マイクロCTによる骨粗鬆海綿骨の3次元変形動態の計測デバイス設計とその評価  [Not invited]
    速水 尚; 澤井 徹; 渋江 唯司; 廣川 敬康; 大政 光史
    日本設計工学会関西支部2008年度研究発表講演会  2008/11  寝屋川市  日本設計工学会関西支部2008年度研究発表講演会
     
    骨粗鬆症のバイオメカニクスを研究するための装置として、X線マイクロCTを測定しながら骨試験片に不可を作用させことができるシステム開発について発表した。
  • MINENO Tomoyuki; SAWAI Toru; HAYAMI Takashi; KAJI Masuo
    年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting  2008/08 
    Extrusion experiments for pruned branches from fruit tree were conducted at a uniform press speed. The results obtained in the present study are as follows. Molding defects were observed for all experimental conditions. The size of cracks on the molding increases with an increase in press speed. The dynamic equilibrium load in the range of press speed between 0.1 and 10mm/min. was denoted as a power function with press speed. In the case of capillary diameter of 2mm, bursts in extrusion processes occurred due to production of thermal decomposition gas.
  • 果樹剪定枝の押出成形時における流動特性  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 速水 尚; 加治 増夫
    日本機械学会年次大会  2008/08  横浜  日本機械学会年次大会
  • Thermo-Hydro Dynamics of Air-Water Two-Phase Flow in Microchannels  [Not invited]
    加治 増夫; 澤井 徹; 鍵 洋介
    日本混相流学会年会講演会2008  2008/08  会津市  日本混相流学会年会講演会2008
     
    内径0.5mmのステンレス鋼管を供試管として，空気－水加熱二相流の圧力損失，ボイド率，熱伝達率を同時測定する実験を行い以下の結果を得た． (1) 摩擦圧力損失特性は液流量が大きい場合はChisholm-Lairdの式に近く，小さい場合はMishima-Hibikiの式に近づく傾向がある． (2) ボイド率は内径が小さくなると低くなることが実験結果から判った．また，環状流モデルにより摩擦圧力損失とボイド率，及び管内径の関係を導き，実験結果と比較・検討したところ，良好な一致を得た． (3) 熱伝達率は液流量が大きい場合は従来の結果とほぼ一致するが，小さい場合は全般的に低い値を示した．
  • IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; SAWAI Toru
    関西支部講演会講演論文集  2008/03
  • 圧縮半炭化燃料の圧縮強度および発熱量特性  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 梶本武志
    高温学会秋季講演会  2007/12  吹田  高温学会秋季講演会
  • TADA Toru; SAWAI Toru; KAJI Masuo
    年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting  2007/09 
    In order to utilize the forestry biomass as energy resources, it is necessary to improve the transport of biomass. Pyrolysis reform processes before the transport are the most effective method. In the present study, the model to evaluate the effect of semi-carbonization process on the energy reduction of transport and comminution is presented. Effects of mass distribution ratio and pyrolysis temperature on the energy required to comminute biomass and coal mixture are experimentally investigated. The energy consumption rate is minimal at Y_M of 0.6 for the same transport distance. The comminution energy for the temperature range of 20 to 150 degree is overestimated by the prediction method based on the mass distribution ratio, while the comminution energy for the temperature range of 200 to 400 obeys the mass distribution ratio.
  • MATSUI Goichi; SUZUKI Masatomi; KAJI Masuo; SAWAI Toru; YOSHIKAWA Shinji
    年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting  2007/09 
    This study deals with specific phenomena to boiling two phase flow in a helically coiled tube in a bath kept at a constant temperature. Two phase flow tends to be intermittent under a low quality condition and may be strongly influenced from buoyancy, gravity and centrifugal forces. Therefore, the investigations on detailed phenomena under a low quality condition are required for the sake of the design of safe structure and safe operation of heat exchangers with helically coiled tubes. Thus, in the study, the characteristics. of boiling phenomena were investigated experimentally using an apparatus of scale model using water (or N_2 gas and water) as a working fluid. The result suggests that the inner wall became in a dry-out condition after boiling of water and got wet again owing to arrival of water plug. Therefore, it is supposed that DNB may occur repeatedly.
  • KAGI Yosuke; KAJI Masuo; SAWAI Toru; UEDA Tadanobu
    年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting  2007/09 
    Heat transfer, pressure drop and void fraction were simultaneously measured for upward heated air-water two-phase flow in about 4 and 0.5mm I.D. tubes to investigate the analogy between heat transfer and fluid friction of two-phase flow in small diameter tubes. In the case of 4mm I.D., Void fraction agreed with the Armand's correlation, but it took the lower value in the case of 0.5mm I.D.. When the liquid superficial velocity j_l was very low, frictional pressure drop agreed with the empirical correlation of Mishima-Hibiki for small diameter tube, whereas agreed well with Chisholm-Laird correlation when j_l was relatively large. Heat transfer coefficients agreed with frictional pressure drop correlations of Chisholm-Laird except when j_l was very low for 4mm I.D. tube.
  • 半炭化バイオマス・石炭混合物の粉砕特  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫
    日本機械学会年次大会  2007/09  吹田  日本機械学会年次大会
  • 細管内気液二相流の伝熱・流動特性とその相関関係  [Not invited]
    加治 増夫; 澤井 徹; 鍵洋介; 植田忠伸
    日本機械学会  2007/09  吹田市  日本機械学会
     
    内径0.5および4mmのステンレス細管内を流れる空気－水二相流の加熱実験を行い、摩擦圧力損失、ボイド率、熱伝達率を同時測定した。内径が小さいほど摩擦損失、ボイド率が低下し、非加熱流の結果ともよく一致することを明らかにした。熱伝達と摩擦損失の間のアナロジ－についても、液流速が小さい場合を除いて成立することがわかった。
  • 木質バイオマスの粉砕エネルギーに及ぼす樹種密度の影響  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 本庄孝子; 佐野 寛
    日本エネルギー学会関西支部講演会  2006/12  日本エネルギー学会関西支部講演会
  • SAITO Yusuke; TADA Toru; SAWAI Toru; KAJI Masuo
    年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting  2006/09 
    When the woody biomass is utilized as fuel, it is necessary to examine the energy input for collecting of resources, preprocessing such as grinding and drying, conversion, fabrication, and transportation of fuel. In the present study, effects of water content and pyrolysis temperature on the energy required to grind woody biomass are investigated. Test samples used in the experiments are Japanese cedar thinning materials and Ume pruned branches that are made by thermal decomposition in 20 to 500 degree temperature range. The grinding energy of woody biomass decreases with increasing pyrolysis temperature and decreasing water content. To predict the grinding energy of woody biomass, the work index based on the Bond theory is correlated by the pyrolysis temperature.
  • 木質バイオマスの粉砕エネルギーに及ぼす熱分解温度および含水率の影響  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫
    日本機械学会年次大会  2006/09  熊本  日本機械学会年次大会
  • 水平管内気液二相流の摩擦圧力勾配に及ぼす界面活性剤添加の影響  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫
    日本混相流学会年次大会2006  2006/08  金沢  日本混相流学会年次大会2006
  • Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamics of Air-Water Two-Phase Flow in Small Diameter Tubes  [Not invited]
    加治 増夫; 澤井 徹; 鍵 洋介
    日本混相流学会  2006/08  金沢  日本混相流学会
     
    内径4，0.5mmのステンレス管内を流れる加熱空気－水二相流の熱伝達率を測定し、環状液膜流モデルによる理論計算結果と比較・検討した。
  • 果樹剪定材のエネルギー利用と農地還元利用の選択基準  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 梶本武志; 本庄孝子; 佐野 寛
    第25回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会  2006/06  大阪  第25回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会
  • SHISHINO Kazuyuki; SAWAI Toru; KAJI Masuo
    年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting  2005/09 
    This paper presents the effect of surfactant additives on frictional pressure gradient and gas-liquid interfacial structure for the air-water two-phase flow in a 13.5mm diameter horizontal pipe. The surfactant (CTAC) used in the experiments was n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride mixed with a counter-ion sodium salicylate. In the slug flow, the addition of CTAC produces the pressure drop reduction up to 40% at a liquid Reynolds number of 6000. At high Reynolds number above 20000, the effectiveness of CTAC addition is not observed. In the annular and stratified flow, the liquid holdup is affected by the addition of CTAC, which increase in the frictional pressure gradient.
  • SAWAI Toru; AKASAKA Motofumi; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; SANO Hiroshi; HONJO Takako
    日本エネルギー学会大会講演要旨集  2005/08
  • SANO Hirosi; MORITA Akihiro; HONJO Takako; IDA Tamio; SAWAI Tooru
    日本エネルギー学会大会講演要旨集  2005/08
  • HONJO Takako; SANO Hiroshi; IDA Tamio; SAWAI Touru
    日本エネルギー学会大会講演要旨集  2005/08
  • Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamics of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Small Bore Tubes  [Not invited]
    加治 増夫; 澤井 徹; 植田忠伸
    日本混相流学会  2005/08  東京  日本混相流学会
     
    内径1，2mmのステンレス管内を垂直上向きに流れる空気－水二相流を加熱し、熱伝達率、圧力損失、ボイド率を測定した。その実験結果と環状液膜流モデルを適用した理論計算値と比較し、良好に一致することを示した。
  • HONJO Takako; SANO Hiroshi; SAWAI Touru; IDA Tamio
    Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of Japan Society of Energy and Resources  2005/06
  • SAWAI Toru; HONJYO Takako; SANO Hiroshi; KAJIMOTO Takeshi
    Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of Japan Society of Energy and Resources  2005/06
  • IDA Tamio; Fuchihata Manabu; SANO Hiroshi
    The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineering  2005/03 
    For rapid iron and steel demand in China in the up-date, the cost of the coal coke soars suddenly, and the management of iron and steel manufacturer in our country is remarkably oppressed. In this study, the pretreatment is conducted to woody biomass, it was enabled that the briquette size wood fuel of the high intense (wood biocoke) was produced. The examination was tried on the ole for the casting process by the cupola used as coal coke alternative fuel in order to confirm the property of this wood biocke. The wood biocoke is produced, while it is cylindrically correspondent to actual coal coke size for the casting. From this consideration, it is proven that to substitute whole 10〜20% from the coal coke is sufficiently possible.
  • IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; SAWAI Tohru; SANO Hiroshi; HONJHO Takako
    エネルギーシステム・経済・環境コンファレンス講演論文集 = Proceedings of the ... Conference on Energy, Economy, and Environment  2005/01
  • Heat Transfer and Frictional Pressure Drop Characteristics of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Small Diameter Tubes  [Not invited]
    加治 増夫; 澤井 徹; 植田忠伸
    The 1st International Forum on Heat Transfer  2004/11  Kyoto  The 1st International Forum on Heat Transfer
     
    内径約１，２mmのステンレス鋼管内の空気－水垂直二相流の加熱伝熱実験を行い、摩擦圧力損失と熱伝達率の相関関係を検討した。その結果に基づき、環状液膜流モデルによる理論計算との比較を行い、比較的良好な結果を得た。
  • Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Vertical Upward Two-Phase Flow in Minichannel  [Not invited]
    加治 増夫; 澤井 徹; 植田忠伸; 野島貴志
    日本機械学会2004年度年次大会  2004/09  札幌  日本機械学会2004年度年次大会
     
    内径約1mmのステンレス鋼管内を流れる空気－水二相流の加熱実験を行い、熱伝達率と摩擦圧力損失の関係を調べ、両者の間にアナロジ－のあることを見いだした。また太い管の伝熱特性との差異を調べた。
  • 果樹剪定材のエネルギー利用  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 難波 邦彦; 本庄 孝子; 佐野 寛
    第4回環境技術学会年次大会  2004/09  摂津  第4回環境技術学会年次大会
     
    農業系の木質バイオマスである果樹剪定材に着目し，和歌山県を対象にその潜在資源量を調査した．また，エネルギー利用の可能性を検討するために，バイオ燃料としての価値を低減させる灰分率を樹種ごとに整理すると共に，うめ剪定材の燃焼特性を明らかにした．
  • Effect of phosphoric acid Additives on Energy Density Upgrading and Transportation of Semi-Carbonized Biomass Fuel  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 赤阪 素史; 梶本武志; 本庄孝子; 佐野 寛
    2004年度日本機械学会年次大会  2004/09  札幌  2004年度日本機械学会年次大会
     
    りん酸添加による半炭化バイオマス燃料のエネルギー密度向上と輸送性への影響について検討を行い，添加しない場合の最大価値とほぼ同程度の燃料を低い温度で製造することができること，りん酸の最適添加濃度が存在し，本実験では1重量%が最適であることが明らかとなった．
  • Relation between Heat Transfer and Frictional Pressure Loss of Heated Air-Water Two Phase Flow in Small Diameter Tubes  [Not invited]
    加治 増夫; 澤井 徹; 植田忠伸
    日本混相流学会年会講演会2004  2004/08  岡山  日本混相流学会年会講演会2004
     
    内径１，２mmの垂直ステンレス鋼管内の空気－水二相流に対して加熱実験を行い、熱伝達と壁面摩擦の間にはアナロジ－が成り立つことを明らかにした。環状流液膜モデルを適用して熱伝達率の理論計算を行い、液流量の小さい場合を除いて実験地と理論値の間に良好な一致を見た。
  • Effect of surfactant additives on gas-liquid interfacial structure in annular two-phase flow  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 獅野 和幸
    日本混相流学会年会講演会2004  2004/08  岡山  日本混相流学会年会講演会2004
     
    垂直上昇気液二相流に対する界面活性剤の添加は間欠流と液膜流の遷移にほとんど影響を与えないが，CTAC添加によりチャーン流の発生は抑制され環状流に置き換わる．CTAC添加時のPDRの主要因は位置損失低減であり，SO添加時のPDRは摩擦損失低減によることが明らかとなった．
  • SAWAI Toru; AKASAKA Motofumi; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; SANO Hiroshi; HONJO Takako
    日本エネルギー学会大会講演要旨集  2004/07
  • Transportation of Wood Chips by Solid-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Hilly Terrain Pipelines - Blockage Condition of Wood Chips -  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 赤阪 素史; 梶本武志; 佐野 寛; 本庄 孝子
    第13回日本エネルギー学会大会  2004/07  東京  第13回日本エネルギー学会大会
     
    木質バイオマスをチップ化し林内を管路輸送するシステムを提案し，不整地傾斜管内を輸送する際の固体粒子閉塞条件について検討を行った．
  • Interfacial Structure of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 松井 剛一; 宮碕 博規
    Thermal Science & Engineering  2004/07 
    狭い平行平板流路における空気―水系二相流の摩擦圧力損失に及ぼす流路姿勢の影響を明らかにするために，3通りの姿勢に対する液相流動構造の計測を行った．気液界面構造を考慮した摩擦圧力勾配予測モデルの提案を行った．
  • 和歌山県木質系バイオマスのエネルギー利用調査の概要  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹
    2004/07 
    NEDOの支援により2004年度地域新エネルギービジョン策定等事業として行われた｢和歌山県木質系バイオマスのエネルギー利用調査｣について，その概要の解説を行った．
  • Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Structure in Narrow Rectangular Channel  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 松井 剛一; 宮碕 博規
    第41回日本伝熱シンポジウム  2004/05  富山  第41回日本伝熱シンポジウム
     
    狭い平行平板流路における空気―水系二相流の摩擦圧力損失に及ぼす流路姿勢の影響を明らかにするために，3通りの姿勢に対する液相流動構造の計測を行った．気液界面構造を考慮した摩擦圧力勾配予測モデルの提案を行った．
  • Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Structure in Narrow Rectangular Channel  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 宮碕博規; 杉本光美
    日本機械学会関西支部卒業研究発表講演会  2004/03  堺  日本機械学会関西支部卒業研究発表講演会
     
    狭い平行平板流路における空気―水系二相流の摩擦圧力損失に及ぼす流路姿勢の影響を明らかにするために，3通りの姿勢に対する液相流動構造の計測を行った．気液界面構造については定電流法，液相速度分布についてはPIV計測を行い，流路姿勢，液相流動構造，摩擦圧力損失について検討を行った．
  • Pressure Drop Reduction in Vertical Upward Two-Phase Flow with Surfactant Additives  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 獅野和幸; 浦郷貴宏
    日本機械学会関西支部卒業研究発表講演会  2004/03  堺  日本機械学会関西支部卒業研究発表講演会
     
    2種類の界面活性剤（CTACおよびSO：オレイン酸ナトリウム）を添加した水溶液を用いて，垂直上昇気液二相流の圧力損失低減について実験的検討を行った．CTAC添加時には微細気泡が形成され，最大80％の圧損低減が，SO添加時には微細気泡は形成されず，最大20％の圧損低減が確認された．
  • Effect of Acid Additives on Transportation of Semi-Carbonized Woody Biomass Fuel  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹
    日本伝熱学会関西支部講演会  2004/01  神戸  日本伝熱学会関西支部講演会
     
    木質バイオマスを炭化熱分解し残炭物を燃料とした場合について，木質燃料，半炭化燃料，炭化燃料それぞれの輸送性に関する検討を行なった．エネルギー収率が高い木質燃料はエネルギー密度が低く，一方においてエネルギー密度が高い炭化燃料はエネルギー収率が低いことから，半炭化燃料の最適輸送範囲が存在する．また，熱分解時に酸を添加した場合における半炭化燃料の輸送性向上効果もあわせて解説した．
  • 傾斜林バイオマス搬出技術：無動力輸送法  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 本庄孝子; 佐野寛
    日本エネルギー学会関西支部第48 回研究発表会（京都）  2003/12  日本エネルギー学会関西支部第48 回研究発表会（京都）
     
    細片状の木質を材外へ無動力で搬出するために、安息角に及ぼすアスペクト比について実験的検討を行なった。
  • 和歌山県における果樹剪定材のエネルギー利用の可能性  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 赤阪素史; 佐野寛; 梶本武志
    日本エネルギー学会関西支部第48 回研究発表会（京都）  2003/12  日本エネルギー学会関西支部第48 回研究発表会（京都）
     
    農業系の木質バイオマスとして果樹剪定材に着目し、和歌山県におけるエネルギー利用の可能性を検討し、その潜存資源量およびバイオ燃料としての価値と低減させる灰分率について明らかにした。
  • KAJI Masuo; SAWAI Toru; UEDA Tadanobu
    Procee[d]ings of Thermal Engineering Conference  2003/11 
    Frictional pressure drops of horizontal adiabatic air-water two-phase flow in Pyrex grass tubes with inside diameters of around 1,2,4 mm, respectively, were measured. The experimental results are compared with the author's previous experiment on heated air-water vertical flow with stainless steel tube of 2 mm I.D., and good agreement is obtained between the present and previous experimental results. Two-phase multiplier Ф_l^2 is correlated very well by Chisholm-Laird's equation at relatively large liquid and gas superficial velocities, whereas Mishima-Hibiki's modified correlation for small diameter tube is valid for the case where the liquid superficial velocity is low. This depends on Reynolds number of liquid phase. Transition from laminar to turbulent flow is considered to occur at liquid phase Reynolds number of around 1000.
  • Energy Density Upgrading of Woody Biomass by Semi-Carbonization Pyrolysis ～ Effect of Acid Additives on Transportation ～  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 赤阪素史; 梶本武志; 本庄孝子; 佐野寛
    日本機械学会熱工学コンファレンス（金沢）  2003/11  日本機械学会熱工学コンファレンス（金沢）
     
    半炭化による木質バイオマスのエネルギー密度改質実験に基づきバイオエネルギー輸送解析モデルを提案し、酸添加による輸送性向上効果を明らかにした。
  • Relation between heat transfer and frictional pressure loss for flow boiling of water  [Not invited]
    加治 増夫; 澤井 徹; 森幸治
    Int. Conf. on Power Engineering.03（神戸）  2003/11  Int. Conf. on Power Engineering.03（神戸）
     
    水の円管内垂直上昇沸騰流の熱伝達と圧力損失を測定し、摩擦損失の実験式を求めた。この式と、蒸発を伴う伝熱の渦拡散係数を用いて理論解析し、強制対流蒸発域の熱伝達率を予測し、実験値とよく一致することを示した。
  • Frictiowal pressure drop of air-water two-phase flow in small diameter tubes  [Not invited]
    加治 増夫; 澤井 徹; 植田忠伸
    日本機械学会熱工学コンファレンス2003（金沢）  2003/11  日本機械学会熱工学コンファレンス2003（金沢）
     
    管内径1、2、4 mm の細管内を流れる、空気 水二相流の摩擦圧力損失を測定し、乱流域ではChisholm-Laird の式に、層流域ではMishima-Hibiki の式にほぼ一致することを明らかにした。
  • Pressure Drop Reduction with Surfactant in Vertical Upward Two-Phase Flow  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 浦郷貴宏
    日本機械学会2003 年度年次大会（徳島）  2003/08  日本機械学会2003 年度年次大会（徳島）
     
    垂直上昇気液二相流の液体ホールドアップおよび圧力損失の変動特性に及ぼす界面活性剤添加の効果と添加濃度を変化させ検討を行なった。
  • Flow characteristics of Annular Liquid Film with Surfactant Additives  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 浦郷貴宏
    日本混相流学会年会講演会2003（豊中）  2003/07  日本混相流学会年会講演会2003（豊中）
     
    垂直上昇気液二相流のチャーン流、環状流を対象に気液界面構造および圧力損失に及ぼす界面活性剤添加の影響を検討し、界面波の頻度減少、速度上昇の効果はあるものの、圧損への影響は小さいことを示した。
  • Woody Biomass Resources of the Kii peninsula and estimate Method of its export quantity  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 井田 民男; 渕端 学; 本庄孝子; 佐野寛
    第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表講演会（東京）  2003/06  第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表講演会（東京）
     
    傾斜山岳林の森林資源の利用可能量は、傾斜度により大きく変動する。数値地図による紀伊半島の傾斜確率密度関数に基づく資源量評価を行なった。
  • Effect of Acid Additives on Transportation of semi.Carbonized Fuel  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 本庄孝子; 佐野寛; 梶本武志
    第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表講演会（東京）  2003/06  第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表講演会（東京）
     
    木質バイオマスの主成分であるセルロースの熱分解実験を行ない重量収率、エネルギー収率と輸送性の関係を明らかにすると共に、クエン酸添加による輸送性向上効果を示した。
  • New Fuel BCDF: Hot briquetting method of cellulose, apanese cypress sawdust and KAIZUKAIBUKI  [Not invited]
    井田 民男; 渕端 学; 澤井 徹; 本庄孝子; 佐野寛
    第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会（大阪）  2003/06  第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会（大阪）
     
    本研究では、BCDF燃料でもセルロース、ヒノキのオガクズとカイズカイブキの葉と枝のBCDF化を試み、BCDF化によるCHN成分の変化等を得たので報告した。
  • Reappraisal of cascading rank for utility value of biomass  [Not invited]
    井田 民男; 渕端 学; 澤井 徹; 本庄孝子; 佐野寛
    第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会（大阪）  2003/06  第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会（大阪）
     
    本研究では、燃料として利用できるバイオ資源を、堆肥化すればリサイクルの模範であるかのごとくいう事例があり、エネルギー資源浪費を勧める結果となっている。この矛盾を打破するには、資源のエネルギー・経済価値のカスケード的利用の視点を確立する必要があることを再検討した。
  • Woody biomass resources of the Ki peninsula and estimate method of its export quantity  [Not invited]
    井田 民男; 渕端 学; 澤井 徹; 本庄孝子; 佐野寛
    第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会（大阪）  2003/06  第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会（大阪）
     
    本研究では、潜在資源論から搬出可能な資源論に議論をさらに絞込み、究極搬出量の推定を可採可能条件の要因から推定し、その増量につながる技術開発の方向性などを検討した。
  • Pressure Drop Reduction in Vertical Upward Slug Flow with Surfactant Additives  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 春日井健弘; 浦郷貴宏
    第40回日本伝熱シンポジウム（広島）  2003/05  第40回日本伝熱シンポジウム（広島）
     
    気液二相スラグ流と対象に界面活性剤添加による圧力損失の低減効果について検討を行なった。圧損低減は微細気泡混入によるボイド率の増加が関係しており、最大で40％程度の低減効果が得られた。
  • Analogy between heat transfer and fluid friction of gas.liquid two-phase flow in minichannel  [Not invited]
    加治 増夫; 澤井 徹; 森幸治
    1st International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels（アメリカ）  2003/04  1st International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels（アメリカ）
     
    内径2mmの円管内を流れる空気 水二相流の加熱実験を行い、熱伝達率、圧力損失、ボイド率を同時に測定することによって、熱伝達と流体摩擦の相関関係を調べた。乱流域では理論値とよく一致することを示した。
  • Effect of Acid Additives on Pyrolysis of woody biomass  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 赤阪素史; 梶本武志; 本庄孝子; 佐野寛
    日本機械学会関西学生会卒業研究発表講演会（大阪）  2003/03  日本機械学会関西学生会卒業研究発表講演会（大阪）
     
    木質バイオマスのエネルギー密度向上を目的にセルロースの熱分解炭化実験を行ない、クエン酸添加による炭化促進の効果について検討を行なった。クエン酸添加により脱水が低温度で発生し、同一重量収率の炭化物生産時の省エネ効果を確認した。
  • Gas-Liquid interfacial structure in narrow rectargula duct  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 庄司貴彦; 加藤義仁
    日本機械学会関西学生会卒業研究発表講演会（大阪）  2003/03  日本機械学会関西学生会卒業研究発表講演会（大阪）
     
    狭い平行平板流路を流れる気液二相流の摩擦圧力損失と流路姿勢の関係を検討した。流路姿勢は気液界面構造に影響を与え、界面波特性の変化が摩擦圧力損失に影響を及ぼすことを明らかにした。
  • Flow structure of liquid film in Counter-Current Two-Phase flow  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 藤岡良浩; 川上剛
    日本機械学会関西学生会卒業研究発表講演会（大阪）  2003/03  日本機械学会関西学生会卒業研究発表講演会（大阪）
     
    気液対向二相流におけるフラッデング発生機構を明らかにするために液膜流の時空間流動構造の検討を行なった。下部タンクから空気を流入する場合には管路下端で形成される液塊が関与し、フラッディング発生時の臨界高さを示した。
  • Effect of surfactant on Drag Reduction in Vertical Upward Two-Phase Flow  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 戸苅基志; 春日井健弘; 浦郷貴宏
    日本機械学会関西学生会卒業研究発表講演会（大阪）  2003/03  日本機械学会関西学生会卒業研究発表講演会（大阪）
     
    界面活性剤・対イオン剤添加水溶液と空気による垂直上昇気液二相流を対象に抵抗低減・圧力損失低減効果を実験的に検討を行った。本実験範囲内で抵抗低減効果は小さく、圧力損失低減は位置損失の減少が主要因であることが明らかとなった。
  • Heat transfer and pressure drop of flow boiling in a round tube（Theoretical calculation of heat transfer in forced convection evaporation region）  [Not invited]
    加治 増夫; 澤井 徹; 森幸治
    日本機械学会関西支部第78期定時総会講演会（大阪）  2003/03  日本機械学会関西支部第78期定時総会講演会（大阪）
     
    水の円管内垂直上昇流に対して、沸騰熱伝達と圧力損失を同時に測定する実験を行い、摩擦圧力損失の実験式を提案した。本実験式を用いて、強制対流蒸発域の熱伝達率を予測する計算法を提案し、実験値と良好な一致が得られることを示した。
  • HONJO Takako; SANO Hiroshi; FUCHIHATA Manabu; IDA Tamio; NAKATA Yuji; SAWAI Toru
    エネルギーシステム・経済・環境コンファレンス講演論文集 = Proceedings of the ... Conference on Energy, Economy, and Environment  2003/01
  • KAJI Masuo; SAWAI Toru; MORI Koji
    関西支部講演会講演論文集  2003 
    Heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop were simultaneously measured for vertical upward boiling flow of water in a round tube with an inner diameter of 8mm. Frictional pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient were compared with correlations of Chisholm-Laird and the authors in the form of Φ_1^2 and h_/h_/(1-α) against Maltinelli parameter 1/X_. It was found that the analogy between heat transfer and fluid friction was valid for boiling flow. Numerical calculation of heat transfer coefficient was carried out for annular flow model. Liquid film thickness and wall shear stress was determined from Smith's correlation and our present correlation, respectively. Velocity and temperature profiles were calculated using eddy diffusivity model. Agreement between the experimental and calculated values of heat transfer coefficient was fairly good.
  • Energy potential of forestry biomass in moutainous area  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 井田 民男; 渕端 学; 本庄孝子; 佐野寛
    日本エネルギー学会関西支部第47回研究発表会（京都）  2002/12  日本エネルギー学会関西支部第47回研究発表会（京都）
     
    国産森林バイオマスによる中山間地域での民生用熱エネルギ自給の可能性を示すと共に、人工林活用方法の提言として針葉樹生産林の広葉樹への転換が有効であることを明らかにした。
  • The possibility of a district energy independence city with woody biomass energy  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 井田 民男; 渕端 学; 佐野寛
    日本エネルギー学会80周年記念大会（東京）  2002/08  日本エネルギー学会80周年記念大会（東京）
     
    地方都市における木質系バイオマスを有効利用するため最適条件を地理的条件と森林条件に基づき検討を行なった。
  • IDA Tamio; Fuchihata Manabu; Sawai Toru; Sano Hiroshi
    日本エネルギー学会大会講演要旨集  2002/08
  • Flow Orientation and frictional Pressare Gradient in Narrow Rectaugular Channel  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 加藤義仁; 中島崇
    日本混相流学会年会講演会2002（名古屋）  2002/07  日本混相流学会年会講演会2002（名古屋）
     
    狭い平行平板内の気液二相流を対象に、3通りの流路姿勢について実験を行ない、流路姿勢が流動構造および摩擦圧力損失に及ぼす影響を明らかにした。
  • Study of Flow Oscillation in Natural Circulation Loop  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 山内庄司; 中西重康
    日本混相流学会年会講演会2002（名古屋）  2002/07  日本混相流学会年会講演会2002（名古屋）
     
    自然循環ループで発生する流動振動の発生限界を与えるモデルと提案した。
  • Heat Transfer and Fluid Friction Analogy of Gas?Liquid Two?Phase Flow in a Small Bore Tube  [Not invited]
    加治 増夫; 澤井 徹
    日本混相流学会年会講演会2002（名古屋）  2002/07  日本混相流学会年会講演会2002（名古屋）
     
    内径2mmの加熱円管内を流れる空気 水二相流の熱伝達率を、分離流モデルを用いて数値計算し、実験値と比較検討した。乱流域では両者はよく一致するが、層流域では計算値が相当大きくなることがわかった。
  • 紀南地域におけるバイオマスの有効利用と循環型社会  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹
    平成 14 年度高等教育機関コンソーシアム和歌山 （田辺）  2002/06  平成 14 年度高等教育機関コンソーシアム和歌山 （田辺）
     
    和歌山県紀南地域における木質系バイオマス利用によるエネルギ自給の可能性と森林の育成・保全に対するバイオマス資源のあり方について講演を行なった。
  • Thermal Energy Utilization of Waste Biomass Resource in Rural Area  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 井田 民男
    エネルギー・資源学会第 21 回研究発表会 （大阪）  2002/06  エネルギー・資源学会第 21 回研究発表会 （大阪）
     
    中山間地域で発生する農林業に関わるローカルバイオマス資源の活路として民生用の熱需要で用いられている化石燃料を代替すること提案し、 バイオマス燃料のコスト評価を行なった。
  • Flow Stracture of Liquid Film and Frictional Pressure Gradient in Couater Carrent Two-Phace Flow  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 加治 増夫; 川上剛
    第 39 回日本伝熱シンポジウム （札幌）  2002/06  第 39 回日本伝熱シンポジウム （札幌）
     
    CCFL 発生条件後の界面波を伴なう液膜流を対象に摩擦圧力勾配と液膜流動構造との関係について検討と行なった。 摩擦圧力勾配は基底液膜の流動で与えられることが明らかとなった。
  • The possibility and the ripple effect of a energy independent city  [Not invited]
    井田 民男; 渕端 学; 澤井 徹; 佐野寛
    第 21 回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会 （大阪）  2002/06  第 21 回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会 （大阪）
     
    本研究では、 木質系バイオマスによるエネルギー的に自立するためのシステムを構築することを目的とする。 木質系バイオマスは、 森林発電により電気と熱エネルギーに変換され、 自給あるいは商業ベースでの活用による波及効果を検討する。
  • Thermal energy of aste Resource in Rural Area  [Not invited]
    井田 民男; 澤井 徹
    第 21 回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会 （大阪）  2002/06  第 21 回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会 （大阪）
     
    本研究では、 中山間地域の実状に応じたエネルギー供給システムを提案・評価する最初の試みとして、 和歌山県を中心に残渣・廃棄物系バイオマスによるエネルギー自給の可能性ならび熱供給の方法について検討を行った。
  • 川上 剛; 小島 良太; 小森 怜史; 澤井 徹; 加治 増夫
    関西支部講演会講演論文集  2002 
    Flow characteristics of air-water counter-current annular flow were experimentally investigated in a vertical round tube with an inner diameter of 25.8mm. The pressure drop and liquid holdup at 32 locations were simultaneously measured. After the flooding occurred, the flow structure of liquid film was characterized by the large flooding waves propagating upward on the thin falling film. The wall friction factor was much higher than the predicted ones, and the discrepancies between them became large with decreasing the liquid flow rate. The empirical correlation for the wall friction factor was presented as function of the Reynolds number defined by the average liquid velocity.
  • SAWAI To'oru; KAJI Masuo
    講演論文集  2000/10
  • KAJI Masuo; SAWAI To'oru; MORI Koji
    講演論文集  2000/10

MISC

Industrial Property Rights

Awards & Honors

  • 2021/08 日本実験力学会 特別賞（功績賞）
     
    受賞者: 澤井徹
  • 2011 高温学会 平成23年度・高温学会論文賞
     
    受賞者: 澤井 徹
  • 2007 環境技術学会 平成19年度・環境技術学会論文賞
     JPN

Research Grants & Projects

  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業
    Date (from‐to) : 2023/04 -2026/03 
    Author : 澤井 徹
  • バイオマス活用に向けた高発熱量ブリケット製造技術開発と低コスト木チップ化実証試験
    経済産業省：低炭素社会に向けた技術発掘・社会システム実証モデル事業
    Date (from‐to) : 2009/04 -2010/03 
    Author : 和歌山産業振興財団
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2005 -2007 
    Author : MORI Koji; KAWAGUCHI Masayuki; SAWAI Toru
     
    This study aimed to propose the method of reduction of carbon-dioxide gas generation in iron and steel making processes using wastes instead of coals and to contribute the suppression of global warming. The studies achieved are as follows ; 1. Production of reduced iron 1.1 Gasification of wastes and reduced iron production by reducing gas The reducing method to put the iron are into the reducing gas made by wastes was proposed. The model of reduction reaction was proposed and the reduction experiments to obtain the suitable reduction conditions were carried out. The data showed that reduction actually occurred, but the reaction rate was very small. 1.2 Reduction experiments using pellets of wastes and iron are mixtures In order to increase productivity of reduced iron, pellets of crashed wastes and iron are mixtures were examined. The experiments revealed that the best conditions for reduction were mixing ratio of iron are of about 50% and heating temperature of around 1400℃. The effect of grain size distribution was not so important. Chemical and EPMA analysis was carried out to evaluate the quality of the reduced iron, and the data showed that the iron had the metallic Fe content of 95% and was reduced uniformly in it. Plastics and food wastes were also investigated for reducing agents. The plastic was vaporized in high temperature and it was impossible to reduce iron ore. On the other hand, the food wastes were found a good reducing agent. 2 Amount of wastes in Japan and Canada In Japan wastes of woods, tires and plastics were generated 21 million tons, 200 thousand tons and 10 million tons every year. In Canada 25% of wastes in Japan was generated every year. However, the cost of collecting the wastes in Canada is too high to use them effectively.
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2004 -2006 
    Author : MATSUI Goichi; SAWAI Toru
     
    The motion of small thin disk falling down in water and its surrounding water velocity field were measured simultaneously by using the MOFIA system, which is composed by PIV and two high speed CCD cameras. The velocity field around disk was measured by PIV. The fluorescent tracer particles were used to separate its wavelength from both that of YAG laser and those of lights for images taken by the CCD cameras. The three dimensional motion of disk was reconstructed using the images of two high-speed cameras. Disks of 10 mm diameter were used as standard in the study. Their density and thickness were 1000 to 7800 kg/m^3 and 0.07 to 1 mm, respectively. Quadrantal and square plates were also investigated. The experimental results show that the motion of disk was affected by its density and thickness. The motion changed from two-dimensional zig-zag motion to spiral motion with density of disk. In the case of a high density disk, a chaotic motion, especially a three-dimensional zig-zag motion with somersault was observed. Using a wing (radius 20 mm and thickness 0.3 mm) modeled by quadrant of disk, the interaction between the wing and surrounding flow was investigated by use of MOFIA. With flapping-down of the wing, vortex generation, vortex shedding, and suction or pushing flow due to flapping of wings were observed. The shape of wing surface of a cabbage butterfly was also measured.
  • 間伐材のエネルギー利用システムに関する研究
    和歌山県：和歌山県新生わかやま共同研究支援事業
    Date (from‐to) : 2003/04 -2004/03 
    Author : 澤井 徹
  • Study on Biomass Energy
  • Study on of Interfacial Wave in Annular Flow in Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow
  • Study on Thermalhydraulic Instability in Evaporating Tube

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