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FUCHIHATA Manabu

    Department of Energy and Materials　Professor
Last Updated :2024/04/19

Researcher Information

Degree

  • M.Sc（Osaka University）
  • Ph.D（Osaka University）

J-Global ID

Research Interests

  • エマルジョン燃料   バイオマス   熱工学   燃焼工学   Combustion Engineering   

Research Areas

  • Manufacturing technology (mechanical, electrical/electronic, chemical engineering) / Thermal engineering

Academic & Professional Experience

  • 2014/04 - Today  Kinki UniversityFaculty of Science and EngineeringProfessor
  • 2007/04 - 2014/03  Kinki UniversityFaculty of Science and EngineeringAssociate professor
  • 2002/04 - 2007/03  Kinki UniversityFaculty of Science and EngineeringLecturer
  • 1999/04 - 2002/03  Kinki UniversityFaculty of Science and EngineeringResearch associate

Education

  • 1994/04 - 1999/03  大阪大学大学院  工学研究科  機械物理工学専攻 博士後期課程
  •        - 1999  Osaka University  Graduate School, Division of Engineering
  • 1988/04 - 1990/03  Osaka University  Graduate School of Engineering  Division of Mechanical Engineering
  • 1984/04 - 1988/03  Osaka University  School of Engineering  機械工学科
  •        - 1988  Osaka University  Faculty of Engineering

Association Memberships

  • SMART PROCESSING SOCIETY FOR MATERIALS, ENVIRONMENT & ENERGY   THE HEAT TRANSFER SOCIETY OF JAPAN   日本エネルギー学会   日本燃焼学会   日本機械学会   Japan Institute of Energy   Combustion Society of Japan   Japan Sciety of Mechanical Engineers   The Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics   

Published Papers

  • Adnan Darwish Ahmad; Nelson K. Akafuah; Jason Forthofer; Manabu Fuchihata; Taro Hirasawa; Kazunori Kuwana; Yuji Nakamura; Kozo Sekimoto; Kozo Saito; Forman A. Williams
    Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering Frontiers Media SA 9 2023/01 
    The authors are a team of fire whirl researchers who have been actively studying whirls and large-scale wildland fires by directly observing them through fire-fighting efforts and applying theory, scale modeling, and numerical simulations in fire research. This multidisciplinary research-background team previously conducted scale model experiments to reconstruct hazardous large-scale fires in the laboratory, then conducted numerical simulations and developed fundamental theories to translate these findings into a basic understanding of combustion science and fluid dynamics. This article, a mix of reviews of the state of art experiments, theories, numerical modeling and artificial intelligence, and two case studies, is intended to address some safety concerns and raise awareness of large-scale fire whirls and forest fires with knowledge of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, fluid dynamics, design, and practical fire-fighting experience, offering gaps that should be filled and future research to be conducted in each field, and crucial new observations and insights on large-scale fire incidents. We believe, this timely topic is of interest not only to fire research community but also to general readers, as the frequency and intensity of large-scale forest fires and fire whirls have increased, possibly due to the continuing global warming trend and human-induced changes in fuels. Each section and case study was written by one or two individual researchers based on their field of expertise which allows them to critically review progress made in their section of large-scale fire-whirls and forest-fires. Crucial observations and insights on the historical Great-Kanto-Earthquake-generated Hifukusho-Ato Fire-whirl (HAFW) and the slow rotations observed during recent forest firefighting efforts are presented. The first case study occurred in downtown Tokyo on 1 September 1923, as a result of the Great-Kanto-Earthquake, which claimed over 38,000 deaths within 15 min. The second case study discusses large-scale slow rotations observed during recent forest fires, which might had been responsible for the injuries and deaths of experienced firefighters.
  • Nur Syahirah Kamal Baharin; Supitchaya Cherdkeattikul; Nami Kanada; Hirofumi Hara; Satoru Mizuno; Toru Sawai; Manabu Fuchihata; Tamio Ida
    Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management Springer Science and Business Media LLC 1438-4957 2022/11 [Refereed]
  • Nami Tagami-Kanada; Koji Yoshikuni; Satoru Mizuno; Toru Sawai; Manabu Fuchihata; Tamio Ida
    Renewable Energy Elsevier BV 0960-1481 2022/08 [Refereed]
  • Observation of the Carbonization Characteristics of a High Hardness Solid Biomass Fuel
    FUCHIHATA Manabu; NAKAI Shingo; MIZUNO Satoru
    Journal of the Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics 19 (3) 195 - 202 2019/09 [Refereed]
  • Effect of dispersed water droplet diameter in light oil-water emulsion fuel on diesel engine operating performance
    TENTORA Takahumi; FUCHIHATA Manabu
    Transactions of the JSME 85 (875) p. 18-00399  2019/07 [Refereed]
  • 井田民男; 渕端学; 水野諭
    実験力学 日本実験力学会 17 (3) 186‐190(J‐STAGE) - 190 1346-4930 2017
  • 大橋憲; 笹内謙一; 水野諭; 井田民男; 渕端学
    スマートプロセス学会誌 高温学会 5 (3) 198‐206 - 206 2186-702X 2016/05
  • Manabu FUCHIHATA; Satoru MIZUNO; Keisuke TAZUKE
    Journal of Smart Processing 高温学会 5 (2) 122 - 128 2186-702X 2016/03 [Refereed]
  • MIZUNO Satoru; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; NAMBA Kunihiko
    Mechanical Engineering Journal 一般社団法人 日本機械学会 3 (1) 15 - 00441-15-00441 2187-9745 2016 
    Various sizes of high-density biomass briquette, named 'Bio-coke,' were produced from spent green tea grounds. The mechanical properties at room temperature of the Bio-coke samples were investigated using a compression testing machine. From the results, the relationship between the specimen size of Bio-coke and the ultimate compressive strength at room temperature showed that the ultimate compressive strength depends on the specimen size of Bio-coke. The maximum value of the ultimate compressive strength among the different specimen sizes of Bio-coke was at 67 MPa, obtained from the 12-mm diameter sample. In addition, at 12 mm diameter or smaller, there is hardly any difference in the ultimate compressive strengths measured. Hence, the cold compressive strength properties are divided into two groups based on the uniformity of the structure of the main components along the horizontal cross section of a Bio-coke. Results indicate that the state of the structure, composed of cellulose, hemi-cellulose, and lignin, appears to be consistent resulting from uniform permeation conditions at the 12-mm diameter or smaller samples. Meanwhile, at diameters of 20 mm or larger, the condition of the periphery of the samples were not consistent with that of the middle region because of the temperature, stress gradient and number of void occurring inside the Bio-coke caused by specimen size effect.
  • Satoru Mizuno; Tamio Ida; Manabu Fuchihata; Edmundo Sanchez; Koji Yoshikuni
    INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON PACKAGING AND INTEGRATION OF ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC MICROSYSTEMS, 2015, VOL 3 AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS 2015 [Refereed]
     
    We aimed to effectively use unutilized rice straw by producing Bio-coke, which is a new briquette (in the rest of this document referred to as the BIC) with high density and hardness, from rice straw with various conditions based on initial water content and processing temperature and evaluated characteristics of rice straw BIC. First of all, the apparent density of BIC was calculated from its weight and volume, and the cold compressive strength for each BIC was measured. From the results, it showed that the relationship between apparent density and maximum compressive strength derived from the compression test had a positive correlation. Furthermore, the hot compressive strength of the BIC produced with 5% initial water content and 453K processing temperature was measured. The rice straw BIC had a maximum compressive strength of 4.8MPa at a high temperature of 973K. This hot maximum compressive strength is equal to about one third of the hot maximum compressive strength of coal coke, which is 12MPa. Also, it was determined that the maximum compressive strength of rice straw BIC is highest on both cold and hot compression tests, and BIC produced from agricultural biomass like rice straw and rice husk had higher maximum compressive strength at room and high temperatures than BIC produced from other materials. Thus, it seemed that fiber and silica contained in agricultural biomass helps maintain of structure of BIC.
  • MIZUNO Satoru; HAMIDUN Omar BIN; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; FUMOTO Takayuki; NAMBA Kunihiko
    Journal of Smart Processing Smart Processing Society for Materials, Environment & Energy (High Temperature Society of Japan) 3 (5) 269 - 275 2186-702X 2014/09 
    People in the world have been eating rice for a long period of time, especially in Asian countries including Japan that considers rice as its staple food. Like many agricultural products, agricultural waste like rice husk and rice straw are a big disposal problem. One of the solutions for this problem is solidification. It is better to use the solid as fuel for heating and create a cycle of local production for local consumption. In this study, we established formation temperature and particle size as parameters and produced solid fuel (hereinafter referred to as BIC) from rice husk with high-density and high-hardness solidification technology. The apparent density from weight and volume of BIC and assessed compressive strength of BIC with compression test under room and high temperature was calculated. From derived results physical and mechanical properties were considered. Results showed that rice husk of small particle size had better lignin reaction than large one. However, it is also revealed that the maximum compressive strength at room and high temperature was both weak in the case of crushing the particle size of the rice husk too small.
  • FUMOTO Takayuki; MIZUNO Satoru; FUCHIHATA Manabu; IDA Tamio
    Journal of Smart Processing Smart Processing Society for Materials, Environment & Energy (High Temperature Society of Japan) 3 (5) 302 - 308 2186-702X 2014/09 
    The high density high hardness solid fuel (bio-coke) developed by Ida et al. is being hoped for as a solid fuel for heating machineries such as a heavy oil farm boiler. The diameter of the bio-coke made in high pressure and high temperature has a range of 8mm to 100mm. In the case of the 100mm diameter bio-coke specimen, neither pressure nor the temperature is uniform because of thermal conductivity of the biomass and the friction against the cylinder wall. With these reasons, the qualities of the inside of the specimen do not become uniform. Through X-ray CT, nondestructive measurement of the spatial distribution of the x-ray absorption coefficient in the specimen can be done. The x-ray absorption coefficient changes depending on the density of the material, hence, the applicability of this procedure to estimate the X-ray CT quality distribution of a large bio-coke was examined. Results showed that the CT values obtained through X-ray CT have strong relationships with the density distribution in the specimen. Moreover, the CT values were confirmed to be able to effectively estimate the quality distribution of the inside of a large bio-coke.
  • FUCHIHATA Manabu; SHAKUTO Yuya; MIZUNO Satoru; IDA Tamio
    Journal of Smart Processing Smart Processing Society for Materials, Environment & Energy (High Temperature Society of Japan) 3 (5) 295 - 301 2186-702X 2014 [Refereed]
     
    Recently, biomasses attract much attention as a renewable energy resource. Biocoke, hereinafter called BIC, is one of the solid biomass fuels that are made from woody or herbaceous biomass by heat and compression processes. BIC is highly dense, has high hardness, has a high energy density, and is expected to be an alternative to coal coke. In the present study, the carbonization and combustion properties of a green tea BIC and a cypress BIC are experimentally examined. The experimental results show that the carbon residue of the BICs is higher than that of raw wood in spite being of the same material. Further, the weight reduction curve during the combustion process of the BIC carbide is similar to that of charcoal when the carbonization temperature is higher than 673 K. Consequently, it is considered that the BIC can maintain adequate hardness even if it is carbonized at the upper portion of a cupola furnace, and burns as an alternative to coal coke in the coke bed at the bottom of the cupola furnace.
  • FUCHIHATA Manabu; IDA Tamio; KUWANA Kazunori; MIZUNO Satoru
    Proceedings of the Japan Society for Photoelasticity The Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics 13 s45 - s50 1346-4930 2013/07 
    A micro laminar premixed flame stabilized by an annular pilot flame is observed. The flame is formed even on a burner whose diameter is 0.3 mm. However, the shape of the flame formed on the burner whose diameter is less than 1mm and at around the lowermost flow rate is nearly spherical. It is similar to the appearance of a micro diffusion flame. The flame formed on the burner which has a diameter less than 1 mm is not considered a propagating flame, because a typical laminar propagating flame has a structure thickness that is more than 0.5 mm. The flame structure variation and the uppermost and the lowermost flow rates that the flame could be formed stably were observed. Consequently, it is supposed that the flame formed on a burner with a submillimeter diameter is dominated by the diffusion mixing of oxygen and methane from the main premixture flow, and heat and radicals from the pilot flow. The extinction mechanism of the micro premixed flame was examined and the scale effect on the extinction limit and the flame structure were considered.
  • NAKAMURA Yuji; IDA Tamio; KUWANA Kazunori; SEKIMOTO Kozo; HIRASAWA Taro; FUCHIHATA Manabu; MATSUOKA Tsuneyoshi; MIZUNO Satoru
    Journal of the Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics The Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics 13 (2) 158 - 163 1346-4930 2013/06 
    This paper proposes the strategy or methodology how to achieve a scaling of flames; that is, the law to attain the ratio of flame size to flame thickness remains as constant in variety size of flame (thus, a larger flame has thicker flame zone while a smaller flame has thinner flame zone, yet the overall geometric similarity is sustained). Considering simple analysis the possible strategy to fulfill this requirement is discussed. It turns out that the combination with low-gravity and dilution would be key factors to attain the geometric similarity of the flame including its structure. We will verify this issue in future by means of low-gravity test facility (experimental approach) and numerical simulation with multi-step kinetics model (numerical approach).
  • MIZUNO Satoru; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; NAMBA Kunihiko; SAWAI Toru
    Journal of the Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics The Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics 13 (2) 190 - 193 1346-4930 2013/06 
    Primarily, Japan has very little sources of coal, oil, and natural gas. As a result these primary energy sources are imported from other countries. The development of Japan's domestic primary energy sources is necessary to reduce its dependency on foreign energy import. Above all, energy derived from biomass sources are sustainable energy resources. In this study, various sizes of high-density biomass briquette named 'Bio-coke,' whose technology was based on our patent (PAT.-No.4088933), were produced from green tea grounds. The physical properties at high temperature of each size of Bio-coke were studied, and their maximum compressive strength and Young's modulus were estimated by a compression test at a temperature of 973K. From the results obtained, the relationship between the size of Bio-coke and the maximum compressive strength or Young's modulus could be approximated by a linear function or an exponential function.
  • FUCHIHATA Manabu; SHAKUTO Yuya; MIZUNO Satoru; IDA Tamio; ADACHI Yuhei
    Journal of Smart Processing Smart Processing Society for Materials, Environment & Energy (High Temperature Society of Japan) 2 (2) 88 - 93 2186-702X 2013/03 
      Biomass is one of the sustainable energy sources and is the most suitable natural energy for storage and transport. We are suggesting a high hardness biomass briquette made from any plant biomass as an alternative coal coke. The high hardness biomass briquette is named ‘Bio coke’, described as ‘BIC’ below, and it achieves 10 to 20% substitution of coal coke for practical cupola furnace use. We, in the present study, examined the influence of composition on combustion property of BIC made from coffee residues. The coffee residues were assorted to outer skin (outer skin and pulp mixture, described as ‘OS’ below), inner skin (parchment and silver skin mixture, described as ‘IS’ below) and coffee bean grounds (instant coffee production residue, described as ‘IC’ below). BIC specimens were composed of IC100%, IC50%+OS50% and IC50%+IS50%, OS100% and IS100%. Measurement of ignition delay (time from heating start to flaming combustion start), duration time of flaming combustion and char combustion, and thermogravimetry were conducted under 698K air environment. As a result, the ignition delay and the duration time of char combustion were affected by not only combustion property of each component but crack generation condition during heating process. The ignition delay and the duration time of char combustion were shorten due to enlargement of reaction surface area caused by the crack generation. It is, additionally, considered that the crack generation condition could be controlled by mixing of components which have different thermal decomposition and combustion properties.
  • 冨田 義弘; 井田 民男; 渕端 学; 水野 諭
    鋳造工学 全国講演大会講演概要集 公益社団法人 日本鋳造工学会 162 60 - 60 2013
  • TORII Yusuke; MIZUNO Satoru; NISHI Kenji; ICHINO Yoshimitsu; OHMASA Mitsushi; SAWAI Toru; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu
    Journal of Smart Processing Smart Processing Society for Materials, Environment & Energy (High Temperature Society of Japan) 1 (2) 63 - 70 2186-702X 2012/03 
      The utilization of unused biomass such as logging residues and broadleaf trees has come to attract attention to protect forests and satoyamas (a Japanese term for undeveloped woodlands near populated areas) in Japan. In this study, the modification of bio-coke fuels as an alternative to coal coke is investigated by using bamboo and Japanese cedar, which are the typical domestic woody biomass in forests and satoyamas. To improve the compressive strength under high temperature environment and the heating value of bio-coke, carbonized Japanese cedar is mixed with bamboo. The effect of the carbide mixture on the forming characteristics of bio-coke such as density, compressive strength, and heating value are experimentally clarified. The results obtained in the present study are as follows: (1) the density of bio-coke increases with increase in forming temperature and forming pressure, but is reduced by the addition of carbide as the thermoplastic polymer is reduced (2) the increase in carbide reduces the compressive strength under normal temperature environment and improves the compressive strength under high temperature environment. When the carbide content was 30%, the compressive strength under high temperature environment was 3.26MPa. (3) The addition of carbide is an effective way to improve the compressive strength under high temperature environment and to enhance the heating value of bio-coke.
  • 水野 諭; 井田 民男; 渕端 学
    Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 日本エネルギー学会 91 (1) 41 - 47 0916-8753 2012/01
  • KUWANA Kazunori; MIZUNO Satoru; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu
    Journal of the Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics The Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics 11 SS13 - SS18 1346-4930 2011/08 
    The fuel jet velocity at the extinction limit of a jet diffusion flame can be as large as that at the blowoff limit under microflame conditions, requiring detailed understanding of extinction mechanism. This paper first discusses a simple theory to describe the extinction mechanism of jet diffusion microflame. An activation-energy asymptotics technique is adopted with the use of constant-density approximation to predict the extinction limit. Results of experiments for different burner diameters are then presented to compare theoretical predictions with experimental observations.
  • IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; MIZUNO Satoru
    Journal of the Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics The Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics 11 SS103 - SS106 1346-4930 2011/08 
    Micro-jet diffusion flames, formed by a minute burner of a few hundreds or a few tens micrometer inner diameter, should be interesting and useful, partly because they resemble micro-gravity flames and partly because they provide some insight into the mixing and chemical kinetic processes occurring in turbulent diffusion flames. The aim of the present experiment is to collect preliminary information on the characteristics and experimental techniques of micro-jet flames. Attention was paid to the effect of Reynolds number (Re) at the burner exit, and the range of Reynolds number that a stable flame could be formed was determined. CH-band images were recorded by direct photography, and compared with laser shadowgraph images.
  • MIZUNO Satoru; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu
    Proceedings of the Japan Society for Photoelasticity The Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics 11 SS19 - SS24 1346-4930 2011/08 
    We produced high-density solid biomass (hereafter called Bio-coke) from broccoli, dead cherry tree leaves, and seed of mango based on our patent (PAT.-No.4088933) as one of the utilization methods of various unutilized biomass. The compressive strength of each kind of Bio-coke under room temperature was measured with a compression testing machine. The experimental results showed that the ultimate strength was related to the carbon content of broccoli, seed of mango, and dead cherry tree leaves, and the relations were close to linear.
  • FUCHIHATA Manabu; IDA Tamio; KUWANA Kazunori
    Journal of High Temperature Society High Temperature Society of Japan 36 (5) 240 - 245 0387-1096 2010/09 
    Flame structure of micro scale methane-air premixed flames is investigated experimentally. First, the uppermost and lowest flow rates which propagating flame could be formed are examined with simple single burner. Propagating flame is not stabilized on the simple single burner whose diameter is less than 4mm, despite the flow rate is well controlled between the expected velocity gradient limits for blow off and flash back. In addition, all the extinction mechanism observed for the burner diameter less than 4mm is blow off. It is, consequently, considered that the flame formed on the burner whose diameter is less than 4mm has other extinction mechanism in addition to blow off and flash back caused by flow velocity gradient. Secondly, the flame formed on the burner with pilot flame is observed. The flame is stabilized even on the burner whose diameter is 0.3mm. However, shape of the flame formed on the burner whose diameter is less than 1mm and at around lowest flow rate is near spherical. It is similar to the appearance of micro diffusion flames. On the other hand, the flame formed on the burner whose diameter is less than 0.5mm is not considered as propagating flame, because typical laminar propagating flame has a structure more than 0.5mm thickness at this condition. Therefore, it is supposed that the flame formed on the burner whose diameter is submillimeter and at around lowest flow rate is dominated by the diffusion mixing of oxygen and methane from the premixture and high temperature heat flux from the pilot gas flow.
  • SAWAI Toru; OHMASA Mitsushi; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; NAMBA Kunihiko
    Journal of High Temperature Society 高温学会 36 (1) 36 - 40 0387-1096 2010/01
  • SAWAI Toru; MORITA Akihiro; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; KAJI Masuo
    Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering-09 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 1 (1) 219 - 224 2009/11 
    To reduce the exhaustion of carbon dioxide in power plants, the operating technology for co-firing of woody biomass and coal at existing coal-fueled power plants has come to attract attention. The pretreatment of semi-carbonization and comminution before transportation can be effective in reducing the energy consumption due to transportation of biomass. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of semi-carbonization on comminution energy and assessment of transport property of woody biomass. The results obtained are as follows. Empirical correlations of work index in Bond's Law are presented for both woody and semi-carbonization regions. The comminution energy can be estimated by the present empirical correlations within an accuracy of ±30 percent. From the result of analysis of energy consumptions, it is found that the total energy loss due to pyrolysis, transportation and comminution is the minimum at a mass yield condition of 0.6 for the same transport distance.
  • MORITA Akihiro; IDA Tamio; SAWAI Toru; NAMBA Kunihiko; FUCHIHATA Manabu
    Journal of JSEM 日本実験力学会 9 36 - 41 1346-4930 2009/09
  • Comminution and Combustion Properties of Mixture of Semi-Carbonized Woody Biomass and Coal
    澤井 徹; 井田 民男; 渕端 学; 難波邦彦
    Proceedings of ISEM-08 1 - 6 2008/12
  • TAKEDA Shuko; FUCHIHATA Manabu; IDA Tamio
    Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers B The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 74 (743) 1649 - 1654 0387-5016 2008/07 
    Microexplosions of light oil-water emulsified fuel droplets were successfully documented using a high-speed video camera with laser illumination. The local frequency of explosion occurrence, temperature profile and exhaust gas emission were measured in spray flames of water-in oil type emulsion formed using an air-assist atomizer with a ring pilot burner. Those results indicate that the flame structure changes as the water droplet diameter in the emulsion fuel was varied, even if the fuel components and their fractions were same. When fuel includes water droplets, whose median diameter was around 75μm, HC and CO emissions were reduced as compared to those for the fuel of smaller water droplet content. It is probable that if the water droplet diameter is uniform, avalanching microexplosions occur at certain local region in the flame, and the water content vaporizes almost at once and extinguishes the flame. It leads to HC and CO emission increase. When the water droplet diameters are large, atomizer atomizes those; Therefore, emulsion droplets include various size of water droplet in the flame. Consequently, the avalanching microexplosion occurrence is avoided, and HC and CO emissions are reduced.
  • MIZUNO Satoru; MORITA Akihiro; IDA Tamio; NAMBA Kunihiko; FUCHIHATA Manabu; SAWAI Toru
    Journal of High Temperature Society High Temperature Society of Japan 34 (4) 153 - 159 0387-1096 2008/07 
    Effective utilization of biomass resource rapidly has been promoting since the government adopted the ‘Biomass Nippon’ strategy at a cabinet meeting in 2002. Especially, the energy conversion technology of applying biomass has been expected from a point of view of environment and resource conservation. However, the energy conversion technologies are developed only for woody and herby biomass, and not for all of biomass. A stable supply of large quantity of biomass will be pressed in the future because the conversion technology must expand to use a variety of biomass. This study is to consider ways by various quantitative correlation analyses between the atomic composition and thermal decomposition of various biomass samples. The results found that thermal decomposition analyses of various biomass resources have correlations between atomic composition properties and exothermic properties.
  • SAWAI Toru; MORITA Akihiro; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; TADA Toru; KAJI Masuo
    Journal of High Temperature Society High Temperature Society of Japan 34 (4) 171 - 177 0387-1096 2008/07 
    In order to promote the utilization of unused woody biomass such as forestry biomass and pruned branch of fruit, the utilization of woody biomass has come to attract attention as a fuel at the pulverized-coal fired power plant. When the woody biomass in the forestry region is utilized, it is necessary to examine and reduce the energy consumption for collecting of resources, preprocessing such as comminuting and drying and transportation . In the present study, effect of semi-carbonization pyrolysis on comminution energy and assessment of transport property of woody biomass is investigated. The results obtained are as follows. Empirical correlations of work index in Bond′s Law are presented for both woody and semi-carbonization regions. The comminution energy can be estimated by the present empirical correlations within an accuracy of ±30 percent. To evaluate the effect of semi-carbonization process on the energy reduction of transport and comminution, an analysis of energy consumptions is conducted. From the result of analysis, it is found that the energy consumption ratio is the minimum at a mass yield condition of 0.6 for the same transport distance.
  • SAWAI Toru; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; KAJI Masuo; AKASAKA Motofumi
    TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 74 (741) 1032 - 1039 0387-5016 2008/05 
    The unused biomass such as residues left on forest floor and unused portions of farm crops is considered as an important domestic and renewable energy resource. The present study addresses the forestry biomass derived from logging and thinning operations in forests. Since most of the forests in Japan locate in the mountain region, the forestry biomass has not been used continually due to the difficulty in carrying residues out of the forest. In order to promote the utilization of forestry biomass, the efficiencies for the transportation across steep slopes have to be improved. In the present study, the new method to transport wood chips by means of liquid film flow in sloped pipeline is proposed. The transportation limit of wood chips is investigated by using the test section imitating the sloped rough terrain pipeline. The wood chips are stagnated in the downstream region of hydraulic jump, which causes blockage of wood chips in the tube. To predict the flow rate of transportation limit of wood chips at a given liquid flow rate, analytical model is presented. From the comparison with the experimental results, it is found that the transportation limit in the sloped pipeline with horizontal tube can be predicted by the present analytical model.
  • SAWAI Toru; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; AKASAKA Motofumi; KAJI Masuo; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; HONJYO Takako; SANO Hiroshi
    Journal of High Temperature Society 高温学会 33 (1) 31 - 37 0387-1096 2007/01
  • Manabu Fuchihata; Shuko Takeda; Tamio Ida
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME THERMAL ENGINEERING SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 1 AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS 601 - 604 2007 [Refereed]
     
    Microexplosions of light oil-water emulsified fuel droplets were successfully documented using a high-speed video camera with laser illumination. The local frequency of the explosion occurrence, temperature profile and exhaust gas emissions were measured in spray flames of water-in-oil type emulsion formed using an air-assist atomizer with a ring pilot burner. Those results indicate that the flame structure changes as the water droplet diameter in the emulsion fuel was varied, even if the fuel components and their fractions were same. When the fuel includes the water droplet, whose median diameter was about 75 mu m, HC and CO emission were reduced as compared to those for the fuel of smaller water droplet content. It is probable that if the water droplet diameter is uniform, avalanching microexplosions occur at certain local region in the flame, and the water content vaporizes almost at once and extinguishes the flame. It leads to HC and CO emission increase. When the water droplet diameters are large, atomizer atomizes those; therefore, emulsion droplets include various size of water droplet in the flame. Consequently, the avalanching microexplosion occurrence is avoided, and HC and CO emissions are reduced.
  • Manabu Fuchihata; Masashi Katsuki; Yukio Mizutani; Tamio Ida
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC 31 1353 - 1359 1540-7489 2007 [Refereed]
     
    We discussed the flame structure categorized in distributed reaction zone and well-stirred reactor on Borghi's phase diagram. Recently, it is thought that the flame structure formed in high intensity and small scale turbulence is of thin reaction zone structure. The theory, however, is according to the hypothesis that a laminar flamelet propagates into a high intensity turbulent flow, whose Damkohler number is low. We supposed that the distributed reaction zone is formed when reaction initiates in a low Damkohler number field. In the present study, low Damkohler number conditions were Successfully formed in relatively weak turbulence fields, even around a burner rim, by using very lean premixture, which gave a sufficiently long chemical characteristic time. Laser tomography, chemiluminescence detectors, LDV and thermocouple were used simultaneously for observing lean turbulent premixed flames with silica powder seeded. As a result, the transition of flame structure from a distributed reaction zone to a wrinkled laminar flame was observed in detail by traversing the observation point from near-nozzle region to downstream region. Further, the flame structures, in which a distributed reaction structure coexists with a propagating flame structure, were observed in the near-nozzle region. It was concluded that distributed reaction zone structure is formed when reaction start at a low Damkohler number field, while thin reaction zone is formed when a laminar flame propagates into a low Damkohler number field. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  • SAWAI Toru; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; HONJO Takako; SANO Hiroshi; NANBA Kunihiko; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; SAKON Takanori
    Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering Society of Environmental Conservation Engineering 35 (12) 916 - 923 0388-9459 2006 
    Pruned branches from fruit trees are agricultural by-products and can be considered important woody biomass resources in fruit tree producing districts. Little attention has been given to the energy utilization of pruned branches from fruit trees. To utilize pruned branches as fuel, the ash content and the competition with compost utilization have to be clarified. Investigations of ash property and ultimate analysis were conducted for pruned branches from the four major fruit trees cultivated in Wakayama prefecture, and the following results were obtained. Both the ash and nitrogen contents increase with a decrease in average diameter of pruned branches, and they are correlated with branch diameter. To clarify the criterion of discrimination between energy and compost utilization, the relationship between the ash content and C/N ratio is presented. It was found that pruned branches greater than 10 mm in diameter give minimum C/N ratio of 100 and maximum ash content of 1.5% are suitable for the energy utilization. The ignition delay time of ume plum branches is smaller than that of woody pellet fuels, and therefore ume plum pruned branches are considered to be promising alternative fuels.
  • MORITA Akihiro; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; SAWAI Toru; SANO Hiroshi
    Energy and resources エネルギー・資源学会 26 (4) 289 - 293 0285-0494 2005/07
  • 和歌山県における傾斜度を考慮した木質バイオマスの可採資源量の推定
    井田 民男; 澤井 徹; 渕端 学; 佐野 寛; 森田 明宏
    エネルギー・資源 エネルギー・資源学会 26 (4) 289 - 293 2005/07 
    本研究では、バイオマスの国内資源量を推定するのに、傾斜林までも考慮した可採資源量の推定方法を見出し、議論を行った。
  • IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; KAWAHARA Nobuko; KUBO Satoshi
    Journal of JSEE Japanese Society for Engineering Education 53 (2) 54 - 58 1341-2167 2005/03 
    It is important for professional engineers to remain motivated to keep up with new developments in their field. This study focuses on using community service to inspire students to apply monodukuri to create tools that support self-learning. Results of the study show that subjects who volunteered for local projects were able to appreciate the value of its social meaning, and apply this knowledge to designing and producing tools that assist self-learning in the field of engineering.
  • HONJO Takako; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; SANO Hiroshi
    Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy The Japan Institute of Energy 84 (2) 142 - 148 0916-8753 2005/02 
    Woody biomass is a hopeful energy resource to reduce greenhouse gas emission, and it is widely used in north Europe. Little amount of woody biomass is utilized for energy production, although Japan has much forest. Because most forests in Japan are located in steep mountain ranges. If woody biomass can be changed to high energy density fuel, the transportability of fuel will be improved, and the woody biomass will be potentially introduced in Japan. The purpose of our study is to improve the calorific density of cellulose by hot-press method, and to produce the semi-carbonized pellets. Cellulose is a main component of woody biomass. The cellulose is gradually dehydrated during the carbonization. The organic volatiles, however, are lost at the same time, and the energy yield of the carbonized cellulose is decreased. Therefore, the semi-carbonizing conditions, at which maximum energy yield can be achieved, should be investigated. In addition, the semi-carbonized pellet considerably contains tar in it. It is good for long storage because the tar becomes an antiseptic. This study examined to find the optimum condition of semi-carbonization for a preparation of pellet fuel.
  • IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; TAKEDA Shuuco
    Journal of High Temperature Society. 高温学会 31 (1) 57 - 62 0387-1096 2005/01 
    本論では、液体燃料に水を添加するため、比重差による上下分離、界面における化学的な油・水反発により生じる排液現象を抑制する乳化剤およびその添加量が与える影響について噴霧火炎の幾何学的変化や温度分析変化などから検討し、ミクロ爆発の噴霧火炎への効果を論じている。
  • SAWAI Toru; KAJIMOTO Takeshi; HONJYO Takako; SANO Hiroshi; IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; KAJI Masuo
    Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy The Japan Institute of Energy 83 (10) 782 - 787 0916-8753 2004/10 
    To clarify the optimum pyrolysis condition of the semi-carbonized fuel and the effect of citric acid addition on the transportation, experiments of the "semi-carbonization" pyrolysis were conducted for cellulose, citric acid and their mixtures. The acid additives promoted dehydration of cellulose, and affected the weight yield of char derived from cellulose within the temperature region of the semi-carbonization pyrolysis. The transportation analysis model of the semi-carbonized fuel was presented to evaluate the optimum weight yield for a given transportation distance. It was found that the acid additives reduced the weight yield at a given pyrolysis temperature and contributed to improving the transportation of the semi-carbonized fuel.
  • IDA Tamio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; MIZUTANI Yukio
    Journal of High Temperature Society. 高温学会 29 (6) 291 - 295 0387-1096 2003/11 
    本実験では、層流拡散火炎の形状寸法と燃焼反応に及ぼす一様磁場の直接的な影響を実験的に把握することを目的とする。実験観察は、異なる2 つの手法による画像解析から磁気圧力に伴う火炎形状の変化による火炎内部への拡散の違い、温度境界層の厚みなどを分析し、生じる現象の解釈を行った。
  • Sawai T.; Kajimoto T.; Honjo T.; Sano H.; Ida T.; Fuchihata M.; Kaji M.; Akasaka M.
    Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering : ICOPE 2003(3) The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 2003 (3) 3-73 - 3-78 2003/11 
    Experiments of the "semi-carbonization" that was the new type of pyrolysis at moderate temperature were conducted for cellulose : the main component of woody biomass, citric acid and their mixtures in order to clarify the optimal pyrolysis condition and the effect of acid additives on the semi-carbonization. The acid additive promoted dehydration of woody biomass, and affected the weight yield of char within the temperature region of the semi-carbonization. The analytical model to evaluate the energy value of the semi-carbonized fuel was presented based on the reduction in the value due to the transportation. The optimal pyrolysis condition of the semi-carbonized fuel was clarified for the dimensionless distance of the transportation. It was found that the acid additives contributed to saving the energy consumption of the "semi-carbonization" pyrolysis process and improving the transportation.
  • Time.dependent spatial structures of mezzo.scale mixing processes with turbulent diffusion flame
    井田 民男; 渕端 学
    高温学会誌研究論文 社団法人 高温学会 29 (6) 285 - 290 2003/11 
    乱流拡散火炎における時系列でのコヒーレント構造を理解することは、その本質を議論する上で重要である。ここでは、高速ビデオカメラシステムを用いて、局所の乱流混合を自発光とレーザ・ミー散乱光による同時計測により、観察した成果を報告する。（英文）
  • FUCHIHATA Manabu; IDA Tamio; MIZUTANI Yukio
    Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. Series B. The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 69 (682) 1503 - 1508 0387-5016 2003/06 
    Microexplosions of light oil-water emulsified fuel droplets were successfully documented using a high speed video camera with laser illumination. The temperature profile and the local frequency of explosion occurrence were estimated in open spray flames of water-in-oil type emulsion formed using an air-assist atomizer with a set of ring pilot burners. The estimates of the local frequency of the explosion occurrence were made in the upstream region of spray flames, since their temperature profiles indicated that the heat release was accelerated in the upstream region from the nozzle tip up to the height of 80 mm. Microexplosions were frequently observed in the upstream region where no microexplosion phenomenon was observed in the former study. In addition, all of those had very small spatial and temporal scales. It is probable that the principal factor having effects on the heat release of emulsion spray flame is not the microexplosions of larger droplets, as former theories predicted, but those of smaller ones. We, furthermore, observed the microexplosions of smaller droplets using an ultra high speed video camera, the frame rate of which was 10_6 frames/s. It was observed that the smaller droplets, whose diameter were less than 50 μm, exploded in the spray flame and their temporal and spatial scales were around 10 μs and 300 μm, respectively.
  • Combustion speed comparison of semi-charcoal pellet with simple bio-pellet
    井田 民男; 渕端 学; 本庄 孝子; 佐野 寛
    2002/09 
    本研究では、木質バイオペレットの基礎となる熱分解特性と落下式炉による燃焼実験を行い、その燃焼挙動について議論した。
  • Measurement of instantaneous 2-D velocity field and local chemiluminescence in a premixed-spray flame by PIV and MICRO
    Shohji TSUSHIMA; Masaaki NEGORO; Hiroyasu SAITOH; Manabu FUCHIHATA; Fumiteru AKAMATSU; Masashi KATSUKI
    Laser Techniques for Fluid Mechanics: Selected Papers from the 10th International Symposium Lisbon, Portugal July 10-13, 2000 （Adrian, R. J. et al. eds.） Springer-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG 494 - 510 2002/08 
    予混合噴霧火炎の火炎構造を、シートレーザー光とICCDカメラによるPIV計測と、MICROシステムによる局所自発光計測の同時測定により観察し、その選択的伝播挙動について検討を加えた。
  • MIZUTANI Yukio; WAKABAYASHI Takashi; KATSUKI Masashi; AKAMATSU Fumiteru; FUCHIHATA Manabu
    Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. Series B. The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 68 (666) 590 - 595 0387-5016 2002/02 
    A series of our counter-flow premixed spary flame experiments were reviewed, ranging from flames dominated by a rather intense turbulence to sufficiently laminar ones. It was found that highly turbulent flames were dominated by a number of large-scaled droplet clusters burning in the droplet group combustion mode, whereas sufficiently laminar flames hardly showed the group combustion characteristics. Then the detailed structure of a laminar spray flame was observed in two-dimensional counter-flow configuration, where a spray flame having a flame front stable enough except of dynamic irregularities of 1 mm or so peculiar to two-phase flames. The velocity was determined for various sizes of droplets across the flame front by phase-Doppler anemometry (PDA), and the laminar burning velocity was estimated, from the minimum value in velocity of minute droplets around the flame front, to be ca. 0.34 m/s. The Lagrangian histories of evaporating or burning droplets were tracked by the particle-tracking velocimetry (PTV) across the flame front.
  • S Tsushima; M Negoro; H Saitoh; M Fuchihata; F Akamatsu; M Katsuki
    LASER TECHNIQUES FOR FLUID MECHANICS SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN 497 - 509 2002 [Refereed]
     
    In this article, we demonstrate combined measurements of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and Multi-colour Integrated Cassegrain Receiving Optics (MICRO) in an attempt to observe characteristics of propagating flame in a premixed-spray stream. High-speed images recorded with an intensified CCD camera and cross-correlation PIV method showed the capability in obtaining instantaneous velocity fields in sooty spray flames, where liquid fuel of kerosene was supplied in the form of premixed spray. It enabled us to discuss the influence of fluid turbulent motion on the process of preferential flame propagation. Local chemiluminescence in flames detected by MICRO system was conditionally processed in terms of the distance from the spray boundary that was determined from visualized spray images. The time-averaged one-dimensional structure obtained statistically in the direction of flame propagation showed that two distinct reaction peaks appeared on both sides of the spray boundary, which corresponded to the main vaporization region of a spray.
  • Y Mizutani; M Fuchihata; M Muraoka
    ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS BEGELL HOUSE INC 11 (5) 521 - 532 1044-5110 2001/09 [Refereed]
     
    A schlieren optical system with a deep-cut-type knife edge was adopted for back-light illumination, and the droplet behavior was recorded by a high-speed video camera. Microexplosion of emulsified fuel droplets was successfully documented using this method. Further, the local frequency of explosion occurrence was estimated in open spray flames of water-in-oil-type emulsions formed using an air-assist atomizer with a ring pilot burner. Almost all the patterns of micro explosion observed for single fiber-suspended emulsion droplets, usually a few millimeters or more in diameter, were also observed in the present spray flames. The frequency of microexplosion occurrence increased if the water fraction in the emulsion was raised or the emulsion-stirring period was elongated It appeared that this frequency increased suddenly from 90 mm above the fuel injection nozzle. Since, however, the effect of water addition was most prominent in the upstream region, it was highly probable that microexplosion started somewhere more upstream, though unobservable due to the experimental difficulty resulting from the excessive density of droplets there.
  • MIZUTANI Yukio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; MATSUOKA Yoshio; OHKURA Yoshimasa
    Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. Series B. The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 67 (657) 1262 - 1266 0387-5016 2001/05 
    A Bunsen type propane-air premixed laminar flame was formed within a vertical tube, of 51 mm inner diameter and 500 mm length, placed at the center of a super-conductive magnet generating a nearly uniform upward magnetic field of 5 T. It was observed how the magnetic field affected the flame contour and burning velocity as well as the distribution patterns of gas temperature and nitrogen oxides (NO and NO_2) concentrations in and around the flame. The influences of secondary factors, such as flame fluctuation, natural convection and the slight nonuniformity in the magnetic field, originating from the structure of the super conductive magnet, are overlaid on the direct effects of the magnetic field. Moreover, the former are more prominent than the latter. Careful investigation was, therefore, necessary to extract or separate the direct effects of the magnetic field from the indirect ones caused by the secondary factors. It appeared that the phenomena such as flame propagation, which were dominated by high-speed chemical reactions, were hardly affected by a magnetic field as intense as 5 T. It is probable that phenomena such as nitrogen oxide formation, which are dominated by low-speed chemical reactions, are slightly affected by the field.
  • Y Mizutani; M Fuchihata; Y Ohkura
    COMBUSTION AND FLAME ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC 125 (1-2) 1071 - 1073 0010-2180 2001/04 
    強さ 5 T のほぼ均一な磁場中にプロパン－空気層流ブンゼン火炎を形成させ､ 火炎の形状､ 燃焼速度､ 温度分布､ NOx 濃度分布が磁場をかけることによって､ どのように変化するかを観察した｡ (英文)
  • Y Mizutani; M Fuchihata; H Takada
    IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SHIRAZ UNIV 25 (B2) 221 - 230 0360-1307 2001 [Refereed]
     
    The modeling and numerical analyses of the spontaneous ignition of sprays or turbulent jets have recently made startling progress. The compilation of database to be compared with the analytical results, however, lags for behind. Unfortunately there have been no consistent detection methods and threshold signal levels for ignition delay determination. Another problem is that, in many papers, the effects of the velocity and turbulence of air stream, the direction of fuel injection, and the collision of spray tip against a wall, have not been taken into account. In this study, a high-temperature air stream, with different velocities and intensities of turbulence, was generated using a regenerative radiant tube heater, and the spontaneous ignition process was observed by injecting a liquid fuel across the stream. The effects of spray collision against the wall confronting the injection nozzle were also examined by replacing the wall with a cavity. The ignitable ranges of temperature, velocity and delay time, as well as ignition delay itself varied with turbulence intensity and wall collision. Furthermore, the influences of spray collision on the ignition behavior were examined by high-speed photography.
  • FUCHIHATA Manabu; KATSUKI Masashi; MIZUTANI Yukio
    Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. Series B. The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 66 (652) 3241 - 3255 0387-5016 2000/12 
    We discussed the flame structure of piloted lean turbulent premixed flames, equivalence ratios of which were around the lean flammable limit. Laser tomography, chemiluminescence detectors, LDV and a thermocouple were used simultaneously for observing lean turbulent premixed flames with silica powder seeded. As a result, the transition of flame structure from a distributed reaction zone to a wrinkled laminar flame was observed in detail with the observing position being traversed from upstream to downstream.
  • MIZUTANI Yukio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; MATSUOKA Yoshio; MURAOKA Masaaki
    Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. Series B. The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 66 (646) 1544 - 1549 0387-5016 2000/06 
    The micro-explosion of emulsified fuel droplets was successfully observed, and the distribution pattern of local frequency of explosion occurrence was estimated in open spray flames of water-in-oil type light oil-water emulsion formed using a twin-fluid (air) atomizer with a ring pilot burner. A schlieren optical system with a deep-cut type knife-edge was adopted for back light illumination, and the process of micro-explosion of each droplet was recorded by a high-speed video camera with an image intensifier. Almost all the patterns of micro-explosion having been observed for single suspended emulsion drops were seen occurring also in the present spray flames. The frequency of micro-explosion occurrence increased as the water fraction in the emulsion was raised or agitation period was elongated. It appears that this frequency increases suddenly from 90 mm above the fuel injection nozzle. It is highly probable, however, that micro-explosion starts somewhere more upstream without being observed due to the difficulty in observation resulted from the excessive density of droplets, since the effect of water addition is most prominent in the upstream region.
  • FUCHIHATA Manabu; KATSUKI Masashi
    Journal of High Temperature Society. 高温学会 24 (4) 137 - 143 0387-1096 1998/07
  • NAKABE Kazuyoshi; MIZUTANI Yukio; FUCHIHATA Manabu; AKAMATSU Fumiteru; ZAIZEN Masataka; EL-EMAM Salah Hassan
    Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. Series B. The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 58 (548) p1337 - 1342 0387-5016 1992/04 
    A droplet suspension of liquid fuel produced by an ultrasonic atomizer was spark-ignited. The flame ball propagating outwards was visualized in order to elucidate the mechanism of flame propagation and the complicated group structure of spray flames. It was found that a nonluminous flame was propagating continuously through a gas-phase mixture followed by luminous flamelets, so that a number of small-scaled droplet clusters with luminous emissions were observed behind the flame front propagating in premixed combustion mode. This fact implies that the group structure of a spray flame is not simple but complex.

Conference Activities & Talks

  • バイオコークスを用いた銑鉄レス鋳造における溶解時間の短縮  [Not invited]
    冨田 義弘; 井田 民男; 渕端 学; 水野 諭
    日本鋳造工学会 第162回全国講演大会  2013/05  日本鋳造工学会 甲府市  日本鋳造工学会 第162回全国講演大会
     
    鋳造にバイオコークスを用いることで加炭作用があることがわかっている。そこで、銑鉄を利用せずに鋼屑に加炭させることで鋳鉄の製造を試みた。
  • キュポラ操業を想定した大型バイオコークスの製造開発  [Not invited]
    井田 民男; 渕端 学; 菅野 真由
    社団法人日本エネルギー学会  2006/12  京都大学桂キャンパス  社団法人日本エネルギー学会
     
    本研究では、100ton/h規模の大型キュポラ操業での20％石炭コークス代替操業においてバイオマスのコークス化を実現するために大型バイオコークス化の製造装置の開発とその燃料性能についての検討を行った。
  • バイオコークスの構成成分による特性の変化  [Not invited]
    井田 民男; 渕端 学; 辻 英史
    社団法人日本エネルギー学会  2006/12  京都大学桂キャンパス  社団法人日本エネルギー学会
     
    本研究では、鉄鋼分野での溶解過程に必要不可欠な石炭コークスの代替となる、環境負担の少ない燃料を創出し、その可能性を広げることを目的とする。特に、本研究で開発されたバイオコークスは、現状では20％代替(追い込みコークス)が可能であることを実証しているので、ベットコークス代替として利用できるほどの充分な硬度を持たせることに主眼を置いた。
  • Woody Biomass Resources of the Kii peninsula and estimate Method of its export quantity  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 井田 民男; 渕端 学; 本庄孝子; 佐野寛
    第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表講演会（東京）  2003/06  第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表講演会（東京）
     
    傾斜山岳林の森林資源の利用可能量は、傾斜度により大きく変動する。数値地図による紀伊半島の傾斜確率密度関数に基づく資源量評価を行なった。
  • New Fuel BCDF: Hot briquetting method of cellulose, apanese cypress sawdust and KAIZUKAIBUKI  [Not invited]
    井田 民男; 渕端 学; 澤井 徹; 本庄孝子; 佐野寛
    第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会（大阪）  2003/06  第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会（大阪）
     
    本研究では、BCDF燃料でもセルロース、ヒノキのオガクズとカイズカイブキの葉と枝のBCDF化を試み、BCDF化によるCHN成分の変化等を得たので報告した。
  • Reappraisal of cascading rank for utility value of biomass  [Not invited]
    井田 民男; 渕端 学; 澤井 徹; 本庄孝子; 佐野寛
    第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会（大阪）  2003/06  第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会（大阪）
     
    本研究では、燃料として利用できるバイオ資源を、堆肥化すればリサイクルの模範であるかのごとくいう事例があり、エネルギー資源浪費を勧める結果となっている。この矛盾を打破するには、資源のエネルギー・経済価値のカスケード的利用の視点を確立する必要があることを再検討した。
  • Woody biomass resources of the Ki peninsula and estimate method of its export quantity  [Not invited]
    井田 民男; 渕端 学; 澤井 徹; 本庄孝子; 佐野寛
    第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会（大阪）  2003/06  第22回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会（大阪）
     
    本研究では、潜在資源論から搬出可能な資源論に議論をさらに絞込み、究極搬出量の推定を可採可能条件の要因から推定し、その増量につながる技術開発の方向性などを検討した。
  • Energy potential of forestry biomass in moutainous area  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 井田 民男; 渕端 学; 本庄孝子; 佐野寛
    日本エネルギー学会関西支部第47回研究発表会（京都）  2002/12  日本エネルギー学会関西支部第47回研究発表会（京都）
     
    国産森林バイオマスによる中山間地域での民生用熱エネルギ自給の可能性を示すと共に、人工林活用方法の提言として針葉樹生産林の広葉樹への転換が有効であることを明らかにした。
  • The possibility of a district energy independence city with woody biomass energy  [Not invited]
    澤井 徹; 井田 民男; 渕端 学; 佐野寛
    日本エネルギー学会80周年記念大会（東京）  2002/08  日本エネルギー学会80周年記念大会（東京）
     
    地方都市における木質系バイオマスを有効利用するため最適条件を地理的条件と森林条件に基づき検討を行なった。
  • The possibility and the ripple effect of a energy independent city  [Not invited]
    井田 民男; 渕端 学; 澤井 徹; 佐野寛
    第 21 回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会 （大阪）  2002/06  第 21 回エネルギー・資源学会研究発表会 （大阪）
     
    本研究では、 木質系バイオマスによるエネルギー的に自立するためのシステムを構築することを目的とする。 木質系バイオマスは、 森林発電により電気と熱エネルギーに変換され、 自給あるいは商業ベースでの活用による波及効果を検討する。

MISC

Research Grants & Projects

  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 若手研究(B)
    Date (from‐to) : 2001 -2002 
    Author : 渕端 学
     
    炉内は,通常高温の既燃ガスが充満もしくは循環している.そこに噴射された予混合気の噴流(もしくは噴流界面)が着火と消炎を繰り返す,もしくは浮き上がりと再付着を繰り返すという振動燃焼の機構は,概念的には広く受け入れられている.しかし,その詳細なメカニズムと発生条件が明確化されているとは言えない. 本研究は,予混合噴流の着火・燃焼挙動を観察することにより,着火機構や過渡的な火炎構造に関する知見を得ることを目的とする.本年度は着火現象に同期した温度計測,火炎発光計測を行い,着火時の燃焼反応進行過程を観察した.その結果,以下のよう過去とが分かった. 噴流先端部分の予混合気塊は定常流が形成されている場合よりも強いせん断混合を受けるため,層流火炎面を形成できず,周囲既燃ガス流との混合により分散反応的に燃焼する.層流火炎構造は噴流先端より少し後流の位置で,ノズルから少し離れた位置(50〜150mmで主流当量比によって異なる)で最初に形成され,そこから上流方向に伝播して行ったのち,乱流遷移して定常なしわ状層流火炎を形成する.この際の火炎伝播速度は,最初に伝播火炎が形成される付近では早く,噴流全体に伝播火炎が広がっていく過程では少し減速するような挙動となる.これは,伝播火炎発生初期には,その近傍に予混合気と周囲既燃ガスとの混合層が形成されており,局所的に燃焼速度の速い混合気が形成されているため,瞬間燃焼速度が速くなると考えられる. 通常の乱流燃焼において,乱れによる局所消炎とそれに続く再着火の際の燃焼速度の増減が,振動燃焼のきっかけや,燃焼騒音の発生原因となっていることが推測された.

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