Reaction of 1-benzylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride with anisole in the presence of titanium(IV) chloride gave 2-(4-methoxybenzoyl)indole-3-carboxylic acid as the sole product. However, 1-benzenesulfonylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride with anisole afforded 3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)indole-2-carboxylic acid. These carboxylic acids could be converted to the corresponding benzoylindoles.

1 （4 メトキシベンジル） インドール 2， 2 ジカルボン酸無水物と 4 チタノピリジンとの反応を利用してエリプティシンの合成を行った。 （英文）

Treatment of 1-benzenesulfonylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride with methylenetriphenylphosphorane gave the corresponding ylide. After esterification of the carboxyl group and removal of the benzenesulfonyl group of the ylide, the obtained ylide was reacted with aldehydes to yield alpha,beta -unsaturated ketones, which were converted to pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles. We also examined the reactivity of the anhydride with (carbethoxymethylene)triphenylphosphorane and (carbethoxyethylidene)triphenylphosphorane.

Reaction of indolizine-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride with Grignard reagents gave 2-acylindolizine-1-carboxylic acids, which were converted to 2-acylindolizines. The anhydride reacted with anisole in the presence of titanium chloride(IV) to afford 2-(4-methoxybenzoyl)indolizine-1-carboxylic acid, which was also led to 2-(4-methoxybenzoyl)indolizine. Successive treatment of the 2-acylindolizine-1-carboxylic acids with phosphorus pentachloride and aluminum(III) chloride provided the corresponding quinones.

Reaction of indolizine-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride with (3-bromo-4-pyridyl)triisopropoxytitanium gave 2-(3-bromoisonicotinoyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-indolizine-1-carboxylic acid as the sole product. The indolizine-l-carboxylic acid could be converted to 5,12-dimethylindolizine[2,1-g] isoquinoline in six steps.

Of a series of synthetic alkyl 2-(acylthio)benzoate (1-20), all the derivatives except for n-butyl 2-butyrylthiobenzoate (18) and n-butyl 2-n-valerylthiobenzoate (20) showed clear photogrowth-inhibitory activity. All the compounds tested except for methyl 2-butyrylthiobenzoate (3) exhibited cytotoxic activity on mouse splenic T cells, Strong phytogrowth-inhibition and cytotoxic activity were found with 1, 6, 11 and 16 with an acetylthio group at C-2, suggesting that the acetyl group seems to play an important role in both activities of alkyl 2-(acylthio)benzoates. Among them, methyl 2-acetylthiobenzoate (1) was the strongest inhibitor. On the other hand, potent inhibition of prolyl endopeptidase was exhibited by 2, 7, 12 and 17 with a propionylthio group at C-2. These findings imply that a propionyl group might be useful for increasing the inhibitory activity against on prolyl endopeptidase.

Deprotection of 9-p-methoxybenzylcarbazole with DDQ gave a carbazole. However, methyl 1-p-methoxybenzylindole-2-carboxylate and dimethyl 1-p-methoxybenzyl-2,3-indoledicarboxylate were treated with TFA to yield the corresponding methyl indole-2-carboxylate and dimethyl indole-2,3-dicarboxylate.

Reaction of 1-benzylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride with methylenetriphenylphosphorane (Ph3P=CH2) and carbethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane (Ph3P=CHCOOEt) gave [2-(3-carboxyindol-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]triphenylphosphorane derivatives, which were converted to cyclopenta[b]indol-3-ones after decarboxylation and treatment with aldehydes. On the other hand, the anhydride reacted with carbethoxyethylidenetriphenylphosphorane (Ph3P=C(Me)COOEt) to afford a mixture of two enol lactones.

Reaction of indole-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride with methylmagnesium bromide and phenylmagnesium bromide gave 2-acetyl- and 2-benzoyl-indole-3-carboxylic acids, but with tert-butylmagnesium chloride, 3-pivaloylindole-2-carboxylic acids were obtained as the main products. Treatment of 2-acylindole-3-carboxylic acids with copper chromite in quinoline or potassium hydroxide gave the corresponding 2-acylindoles.

N-Benzylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (1) was reacted with (3-bromo-4-pyridyl)triisopropoxytitanium to give 2-(3-bromoisonicotinoyl)indole-3-carboxylic acid (2) as the sole product in high yield, which could be converted to ellipticine in six steps. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd

Treatment of 1,3-bis(2'-benzyloxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-propen-1-one with phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) gave a rearrangement product, 1,2-bis(2'-benzyloxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethoxypropan-1-one, which was converted into (+/-)-homopterocarpin.

Reactions of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines with Eschenmoser's salt, activated alkenes and alkynes, and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate provided general routes to 3-substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines such as 3-dimethylaminomethyl- and 3-(2-nitroethyl)pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyridines, 1-phenyl-3-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-yl)-2-propen-1-ones, 4-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-yl)-3-buten-2-one, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide, and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carbonitrile.

Methyl and ethyl 3-alkylthiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylates (1-6 and 7-12), which were newly synthesized, inhibited growth of the roots of Brassica campestris L. subsp. rapa HOOK fil. et ANDERS. Of the methyl esters, methyl 3-methylthiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylate (2) was the strongest inhibitor. Of the ethyl esters, ethyl 3-methylthiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylate (8) was the strongest inhibitor. The chlorophyll concentration in the cotyledons of plants treated with any of the compounds, except for 7, was decreased.

Reaction of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines with aldehydes in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid gave bis(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-yl)methanes in high yields.

4-Benzyl-1-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy-4H-furo[3,4-b]indole (2) was synthesized by selective reduction of 1-benzylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride with sodium borohydride, followed by treatment of the resulting lactone with base and tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride. Diels-Alder reaction of the furoindole (2) with methyl acrylate and then treatment of die resulting adduct with boron trifluoride etherate gave methyl 9-benzyl-4-hydroxycarbazole-3-carboxylate in a regioselective manner, which was converted to murrayaquinone-A.

Treatment of 2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazino[3,4,5-cd]indolizine 2-oxides (5) with trifluoroacetic anhydride gave new heterocyclic six-membered betaines (6) which underwent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and maleimides in hot toluene to yield the corresponding cycloadducts (7) and (8). Treatment of the maleimide adducts (8) with p-toluenesulfonic acid in boiling acetic acid gave the [2.3.4]cyclazines (9).

Treatment of 1-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)- and 3-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)indolizines with trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane gave phenylbis(alpha-indolizinyl)methanes, bis[alpha-(indolizinyl)benzyl] ethers and indolizines, depending upon the presence or absence of the substituent at the 2- or 5-position and the reaction conditions used.

The synthesis of two kinds of propranolol analogues, A and B, with a rigid skeleton was investigated. The compounds were designed to help identify the conformation involved in beta-adrenergic receptor-propranolol interaction.1) The key intermediate, 2-hydroxy.2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,8-bc]pyran (5), was obtained starting from acenaphthenone (1). On sequential dehydration, hydroboration, and oxidation, 5 gave 2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,8-bc]pyran-3-one (8), which was converted to compound A. Compound 5 was also derived to 2-formyl-2,3-dihydronaphthol[1,8-bc]pyran (13) via the 2-vinyl compound (12). Condensation of nitromethane with 13 followed by reduction and alkylation produced the desired compound B. The beta-blocking activities of A and B were examined.

【目的】近畿大学薬学部は近畿大学薬友会（同窓会）と協力し，卒業生を含む薬剤師が薬の専門家として高い水準を維持し続けることを目的として平成5年度から「生涯教育研修会」を開催している。研修会のプログラムは，前年度受講者のアンケートを元にその時々の変化に応じた課題をテーマとして取り上げているが，さらに受講生に有意義な研修会を目指して，多変量解析により詳細なアンケート分析を行う事とした。 【方法】学生を除く研修会受講者を対象に無記名にてアンケート調査を実施，その結果を集計し，多変量解析手法を用いて受講者の特徴などについて解析した。 【結果と考察】平成21年度のアンケートについて主成分分析を行った結果，「内容についての理解度」，「テーマに対する興味」，「新しく得た知識の量」，「業務に対して役立つ程度」の4項目の間には正の相関があった。また，積極的な方法で研修会を知った受講者ほど受講料を安いと感じ，受動的

日本における医療薬学研究全体の変遷を系統的に把握することを目的に、医療薬学研究論文タイトルのテキストマイニングによる解析を行った。その結果、医療薬学の研究対象として「薬剤学的検討」は大きく減少、「薬物療法」は大きく増加したことから、物質としての薬剤の研究から臨床で患者の治療を行うための薬剤の研究へ変化したことが明らかとなった。（英文）

テキストマイニング手法の医薬品および医療情報解析への応用の試みとして、薬剤師による医療薬学研究の論文タイトルを解析した。特徴的な語彙間の関係を抽出したことで、薬剤師の研究対象が、物質としての薬剤の研究から臨床で患者の治療を行うための薬剤の研究へ変化したことを明確に捉えることができた。

OCRを利用したOSCE評価表集計システムに関する報告。

4年制の病院実務実習における実務実習モデル・コアカリキュラムの到達目標の実施状況について学生に調査を行い、平成19年度と20年度の結果を比較した。その結果、現在の4週間病院実習においてもモデル・コアカリキュラムの学習項目が導入、実施され、改善されていることがわかった。

実務実習モデル・コアカリキュラムに示されている到達目標の実施状況について、保険薬局および学生に対して調査を行った。現在の短期実習においてもモデル・コアカリキュラムの学習項目が導入・実施されていることがわかった。さらに、学習項目の実施について、指導薬剤師と学生の認識の違いはなかった。

近畿大学医学部3病院で行った早期体験学習に対する学生の満足度調査に関する報告。

6年制教育における長期実務実習および事前実習をより充実させる目的で、学生に対して実務実習に関する意識調査を行った。実習内容については充実していたとの感想が80％以上を占めた。さらに深く学びたいと思った内容としては服薬指導が高く、次いで在宅医療(薬局実習)、チーム医療(病院実習)であった。指導については、約90％の学生がわかりやすかったと高い評価をしていた。