Oxaliplatin is a platinum complex antineoplastic agent widely used for chemotherapy of colorectal cancer. However, one of its side effects is hypersensitivity reactions, the incidence of which increases with a cumulative dose, thereby posing a difficulty to continue oxaliplatin use. Our hospital changed the premedication of oxaliplatin in August 2009 and September 2012. We retrospectively investigated the usefulness of these premedication changes. The results showed no significant difference in the incidence of hypersensitivity between the control group(12.1%)and the group receiving H1 and H2-blockers (12.3%); however, the incidence of hypersensitivity was significantly reduced in the group receiving increased dexamethasone based on the number of courses(2.7%). Therefore, our regimen was found to be effective in preventing hypersensitivity reactions to oxaliplatin.

Panitumumab, a therapeutic agent for unresectable advanced/recurrent colorectal cancer, is a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits the activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The onset of hypomagnesemia is a known side effect of anti-EGFR inhibitors, including panitumumab, and it is thought that inhibition of reabsorption of Mg in renal tubules is one of the causes. In addition, recent reports have shown that long-term administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduces serum magnesium levels. Therefore, in this study, 102 patients who received oral PPIs treated with panitumumab were classified into a PPI combination group and a PPI non-combination group, and the effect of PPIs on the development of grade 2 or higher hypomagnesemia was investigated. The incidence of hypomagnesemia in the PPI combination group (46.9%, 15/32) was higher than that in the PPI non-combination group (25.7%, 18/70). A comparison of the backgrounds of the two groups of patients showed a significant difference in serum albumin levels. PPI administration was significantly associated with panitumumab-induced hypomagnesemia development when adjusted for known risk factors, serum albumin level, renal function, and oral magnesium oxide tablets in Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (hazard ratio 2.09; 95% confidence interval 1.03-4.22; P =0.040). These results indicate that detailed monitoring of serum magnesium levels is recommended for patients treated with panitumumab and co-administration of PPIs.

Objective: In this study, we analyzed the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database in order detect unexpected adverse events using three polypharmacy machine learning models. Methods: The patient’s age, weight, height, gender, date and time of onset, subsequent appearance, and the taking medicines were preprocessed. They were applied for the prediction of adverse events using three machine learning procedures such as support vector machine (SVM), deep neural network (DNN) and random forest (RF). Results: Precision, matching, reproduction and F-values were almost same between the three techniques. Polypharmacy effects were predicted in approximately 80% of adverse events. Unexpected predictions were observed between DNN and RF, but different from SVM. Conclusion: Results suggest that the combination of DNN or RF and SVM can yield accurate predictions. We also suggest that RF is more useful because of its easy validation.

In order to examine the role of the pharmacist in medical care, we analyzed “arrangement of the previous discussions related to the revision of medical service fees for 2014, 2016 and 2018”. Co-occurrence network analysis suggested that “hospital”, “patient” and “reevaluation” formed strongly connected cluster. “Patient” was also connected with other two groups. One group included “pharmacy”, “drug” and “management” and the other included “home”, “visit” and “nursing”. Furthermore, correspondence analysis suggested that 2014 had relations to “hospital” and “home”, 2016 had relations to “hospital”, “care” and “outpatients” and 2018 had relations not only to “doctor” and “drugs” but also “area”, “visit” and “support”. Therefore, the government’s policy to shift the role of the pharmacist from hospitals to home medical care was clarified.

HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) inhibitors (statins) are used for hypercholestemia. HMG-CoA reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. Rhabdomyolysis is one of the most serious side effects by statins. On the other hand, vitamins are used widely and easily for supplements of nutrition in daily use. Statins are one of the most marketable drugs for hypercholesterolemia. Vitamins are taken without prescription as supplements of nutrition ; the patient who prescribed statins may take vitamins. So the interaction with statins and vitamins were studied by using the in vitro assay system with L6 rat myoblasts. The myopathy was increased by the presence of vitamin A, vitamin D and nicotinic acid. Especially the severe injury was induced to the cells by vitamin A and vitamin D. The other vitamins, vitamin B_1, B_6, B_<12>, vitamin C and vitamin E did not show the reaction on the L6 cells. Taking vitamins together with statins increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis. The results of this study suggest that it is desirable for the person takes statins not to take vitamin A, vitamin D and nicotinic acid.

統合失調症患者に、自己組織化マップを用いてクロルプロマジン(CP)換算値と関連性が高い検査項目の抽出を行い、CP換算値と各検査項目との関連性について重回帰分析を用いて検討した。その結果、入院期間、赤血球数、性別、A/G比、総ビリルビンの順でCP換算値との相関性が高いことが示された。さらに副作用発現の予測を行うため、統合失調症の病期を急性期と慢性期で分け、重回帰分析を用いて抗精神病薬の投与と血球系への影響を検討した結果、CP換算値の増加に伴い急性期では赤血球数、血小板数が増加する傾向にあることが、慢性期では入院期間が増加する傾向にあることが示された。また、CP換算値と血球系検査項目の重回帰分析を行ったところ急性期、慢性期ともにCP換算値が1,000mg以下では、赤血球数と血小板数が増加傾向を示した。統合失調症患者の副作用発現を予防するため、CP換算値の確認を行うとともに定期的な血液検査の実施が望ましいことが示唆された。(著者抄録)

【目的】近畿大学薬学部は近畿大学薬友会（同窓会）と協力し，卒業生を含む薬剤師が薬の専門家として高い水準を維持し続けることを目的として平成5年度から「生涯教育研修会」を開催している。研修会のプログラムは，前年度受講者のアンケートを元にその時々の変化に応じた課題をテーマとして取り上げているが，さらに受講生に有意義な研修会を目指して，多変量解析により詳細なアンケート分析を行う事とした。 【方法】学生を除く研修会受講者を対象に無記名にてアンケート調査を実施，その結果を集計し，多変量解析手法を用いて受講者の特徴などについて解析した。 【結果と考察】平成21年度のアンケートについて主成分分析を行った結果，「内容についての理解度」，「テーマに対する興味」，「新しく得た知識の量」，「業務に対して役立つ程度」の4項目の間には正の相関があった。また，積極的な方法で研修会を知った受講者ほど受講料を安いと感じ，受動的

薬局薬剤師の在宅医療への参画について、薬剤師へのアンケート調査結果の単純集計ならびに因子分析による検討を行い、参画への現状と阻害要因を明らかにした。

【目的】近畿大学薬学部は近畿大学薬友会（同窓会）と協力し，卒業生を含む薬剤師が薬の専門家として高い水準を維持し続けることを目的とし，その時々の変化に応じた課題をテーマとして取り上げ，平成5年度から「生涯教育研修会」を開催している。研修会のプログラムは，前年度受講者のアンケートを元に作成している。このアンケート結果を分析することにより，受講生にとってさらに有意義な研修会を開催できると考え，今回解析を行った。 【方法】2009年9月から11月の間に3回開催した研修会の受講者合計1,846名を対象に無記名にてアンケート調査を実施，その結果を集計し，多変量解析手法を用いて受講者の特徴などについて解析した。 【結果と考察】合計391名からの回答があった。 アンケートの主成分分析を行った結果，薬学部ホームページや日本薬剤師研修会ホームページなど積極的な方法で研修会を知った受講者ほど受講料を安いと感じ，知人からの紹介，職場

The petal of Hibiscus mutabilis L. f. versicolor MAKINO shows a white color after the flowering, and it gradually changes in the red. Though it is reported that the color changes are due to the storage of the anthocyanin in the petal vacuole, the mechanism has not been clarified. Thus, the mechanism of the color change was elucidated by expression analysis of mRNA of anthocyanidin synthetase (ANS) in the petal. Extraction and purification of mRNA: petals of white, pink and red organization of freezed fresh H. mutabilis were crushed in the liquid nitrogen and total RNA was extracted using the CTAB method, followed by the refinement of each mRNA by Purification Kit (TaKaRa). The several kinds of primer of actin and ANS were designed from the homology with other plants respectively and then RT-PCR was done using these primers. On cDNA fragment amplified by RT-PCR, the base sequence was analyzed by the conventional mannner. Using the primer which efficiently amplified the cDNA fragment, the expression of mRNA of the ANS with the change of the flower color was examined by RT-PCR. The amplified fragment of about 600bps was assigned to that of actin and the amplified fragment of about 500bps expressed only in the deep red petal was assigned to that of the ANS of H. mutabilis, referring to the sequence of actin and the ANS respectively. The amino acid sequence of mRNA of actin of H. mutabilis showed a homology over 91% with those of the other type plant and that of the ANS showed a homology over 82%. The expression level of mRNA of the ANS was consistent with the increase in the deep red from the white color. Furthermore, the color change was dependent on temperature but not the light.

「患者向け文書」として病院などで使用されている文書の中に、明らかに一般の方が意味を知らないと考えられる医療専門用語が散見されており、インフォームドコンセントの観点から、患者の治療選択にあたって十分な情報提供ができていない現状がある。そこでこれら専門用語の実際の理解度を測定し、理解度の低い専門用語を平易な単語に置き換えるシステムの構築を目的とした。 2021年度は、2020年度に作成した「医療用語の認知度に関する研究」オンラインクイズ出題システムに改良を加え、医療用語として使われる単語の意味を選択肢から選ぶ形式で、医療従事者・医療系学生・一般の方から回答を収集した。この結果を元に解析を行い、意味が正確に伝わっていない単語の抽出をおこなった。 まず正答率の解析から全てのクラスで正答率の低い単語として「局所」「乾癬」「喉頭」「制御」「スケジュール」「寛解」が抽出された。また、医療関係者と一般の方で正答率に差があった単語として「浸潤」「予後」「経過」「潰瘍」「網膜」「免疫」が抽出された。また「パンデミック」「クラスター」など、コロナ禍で頻出されるようになった単語についても、本来の意味を理解できていないことがわかった。 実際に病院などで用いられている「患者向け文書」からこれらの単語の出現率を調べたところ、高頻度で使用されていることが示唆された。2022年度は多変量解析を用いて正答・誤答のパターン分析を行うとともに、「患者向け文書」からこれらの単語を自動抽出するシステムを構築する予定である。

In this study, the authors evaluated the effect of atypical antipsychotic agents (SGAs) on metabolic syndrome induction. Using neuroblastoma cell lines, one of SGAs, olanzapine, induced 5HT_<2C> mRNA transcription in PC12 autonomic neuroblastoma. Furthermore, olanzapine also induced PPAR_γ translation and subsequent fat accumulation in 3T3L1 mouse adipoblastoma cell line. These results suggest that olanzapine induces metabolic syndrome by synergistic effect of both an activation of sympathetic nervous system and an elevation of direct differentiation of adipose tissues.

The possibility of vitamin K3 (VK3) as an anticancer agent was assessed. VK3 dose-dependently diminished the cell viability (measured as esterase activity) with 1050 of 13. 7mM and Hill coefficient of 3. 1 in Hep G2 cells. It also decreased the population of S phase and arrested cell cycle in the G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner. G2/M arrest was regulated by the increment of cyclin A/cdk1 and cyclin A/cdk2 complex, and contrasting cyclin B/cdk1 complex decrease. Finally, combined application demonstrated that VK3 significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of etoposide, a G2 phase-dependent anticancer agent, whereas it reduced the cytotoxic activity of irinotecan, a S phase-dependent agent. These findings suggest that VK3 induces G2/M arrest by inhibition of cyclin B/cdk1 complex formation, and is thus useful as an enhancer of G2 phase-dependent drugs in hepatic cancer chemotherapy. (Biol Pharm. Bull 31(6) 1270-1273 (2008))