We conducted basic research of three districts on the Sanriku coast to consider how housing space and the narrative transmissions of recovery experience will change after the Great East Japan Earthquake. We analyzed the spatial structure, the characteristics of residential areas, categories of the houses and the correspondence between the narratives of four storytellers and the landscape.

This research, following the research conducted by this research group in 2016, is to evaluate the performance of Yakisugi, which is considered to be a traditional Japanese building material. The current study used samples based on traditional preparation methods and machine samples, which the previous study was unable to fully clarify. It has been scientifically clarified that it has various performances as an exterior material and acoustic performance as an interior material. In addition, we were able to obtain new knowledge in addition to the 2016 research on the fact that there is a bias in the regional distribution of Yakisugi.

In the process of reconstruction after the Showa Sanriku tsunami, a social improvement policy based on the movement of economical rehabilitation for villages was implemented in addition to the rebuilding of damaged houses and land at many villages. And, the author revealed how the villages after the Showa Sanriku tsunami reconstructed after the Showa Sanriku tsunami in his previous paper. On the other hand, there are not many studies on the reconstruction of the Meiji Sanriku tsunami. Therefore, this paper aims to clarify the reconstruction of the early stage modern state by analyzing the policy of the administration after the Meiji Sanriku tsunami and the reality of the reconstruction in the affected villages.
 The central government's involvement in the reconstruction was limited, the Meiji government only supplied fund. Moreover, the amount of fund supply was not sufficient. However, due to the fact that many donations from the private sector gathered, the amount of relief provided to the victims was enough to reconstruct small houses. On the other hand, local governments played leading roles. For instance, Miyagi Prefecture encouraged relocation of affected villages, and borne the cost of maintenance of the contact road. Iwate Prefecture dispatched staff to affected villages and supported industrial reconstruction.
 Using cadastral maps and land registers, the paper investigates the details of physical reconstruction of Kirikiri village, among the 122 damaged houses, 52 were found to have been relocated to the higher places. And it seems that it was restricted to live in an area close to the sea, despite lack of administrative guidance. Industrial reconstruction was promptly accomplished through appropriate measures according to the situation of the villages through efforts of staff dispatched from the prefecture and influential people of the villages.
 Even though it was not enough, the national fund was put into the afflicted area and used for the reconstruction of the victimized villages. Such situation was not seen in disaster recovery before the early modern (Edo period), which was limited to the relief of the poor. However, it was local governments such as prefectures and counties that played important roles in actually rebuilding industries and houses in the affected villages. However, it should be noted that some fortune, such as good fishery and large donations, helped the quick recovery after the tsunami.

<p>By analyzing the situation of the villages in Otsuchi-Town soon after the earthquake, the following three conclusions are drawn. After the tsunami, those who escaped to the higher places were isolated, because roads had been occupied by the rubble. But some people got the access to the neighboring villages by using the mountain paths. After the construction of the seaside road, some mountain paths gradually began to be rarely used, then disappeared around 1970's. In order to take precautions against the next earthquake, the relationship between sea and mountains along the Sanriku caostal area should be improved.</p>

By making a comparative study of “ the movement of economical rehabilitation for villages”, “the reconstruction plan of stricken villages”, and the actual performance of the plan at Kirikiri village after the Tsunami, the following conclusions are drawn. 1. Reconstruction plan of stricken villages along Sanriku coast was drawn up based on “ the movement of economical rehabilitation for villages” which started from one year before the Tsunami.. 2. The Reconstruction of Kirikiri was performed in conformity with the movement mainly by the industrial union. 3. As a result, not only the infrastructure but also the social structure of Kirikiri might have changed.

本研究では二つの目的を掲げており、一つは、昭和三陸津波後の復興における「漸進的復興」の実態を明らかにすることである。もう一つは、東日本大震災における復興の問題点およびその要因を「急進的復興／漸進的復興」の観点から明らかにすることである。また、研究実施計画においては、初年度においてまず研究対象全体を対象とした情報整理を行ったうえで、具体的な調査対象となる集落を選定し、基礎的な資料の収集や情報の整理を行った。 そのうえで、二年目において実地調査を計画し一部実行したが、Covid-19の影響で本格的な実地調査を行うことは難しいと判断した。今後においてもCovid-19の影響はしばらく続くことが想定されるため、やむなく本研究では基本的には文献調査をベースとした研究手法にシフトすることとした。また、調査対象についてもこの状況下で新規の集落で調査を行うことは難しいと判断し、これまでの調査の過程で訪問し部分的にインタビュー調査などを行ってきた経緯により一定の知見を有している集落を対象とすることとした。具体的には大船渡市綾里砂子浜、陸前高田市小友町三日市、大槌町浪板を対象とした。そこで、新たに対象とした集落について、既往研究や郷土資料、過去の津波災害時の報告書類、各種地図の収集・整理を行った。そのほか、災害復興史のなかに、東日本大震災を含む三陸の津波災害からの復興を位置付けるべく、近代日本の各種災害時における土地区画整理事業に関する既往研究や資料を整理した。

本年度は、計画通り大連、ソウル、上海にて近代に開発された大規模住宅地を現地調査し、住宅の実測、コミュニティの沿革、住民構成及び生活様式についてインタビューをして、多言語文献の収集を行った。また、2020年2月に本研究チームの国内外の研究者を招集し、「東アジア住宅地計画及び開発におけるモダニズム・ガーデンシティ思想の影響に関する研究」の研究会(The International Symposium “Studies on the influence of modernization and garden city movement in East Asian residential planning and developing”)を開催し、20世紀以降の東アジア住宅地建設の実態を中国、韓国、日本の研究者により明らかにし、また、ロシアにおけるガーデンシティ思想の受容と伝播についてロシア人の研究者によって明らかにした。よって、東アジアの住宅地計画、開発全体像を把握して、次年度から各フィールドでどのような調査、研究を展開していくのかを討議できた。次年度の具体的な研究対象、調査地の選定などを明確にした。

各地域の復興事業過程とデザイン手法の関係、及び各事例群の各段階で実施された取り組み（住民参画・組織づくり等を含む）の傾向・実態・課題の整理について、東日本大震災の復興土地区画整理事業や防災集団移転促進事業における、地域特性反映に向けた復興事業プロセスの特徴や、地域コミュニティが与える影響について調査・分析を進めた。 また近年災害復旧・復興と都市計画・まちづくりとの連携が議論される河川について、海外の計画理論と事例分析の傾向を把握した上で日本の河川施策の課題について論点を整理した。具体的な海外事例調査も並行して進め、ニュージーランド、オタカロ・エイボン川回廊再生計画に関する研究では、文献調査と関係者ヒアリングにより、居住禁止区域となった広域エリアにおける自然再生事業を市民参画により進めた計画的特徴を明らかにした。 上記の各研究成果については順次学術論文として発表している。また国際的な災害復旧・復興事業に関する理論的枠組みを整理しつつ、上記の国内の復興事業に関する分析結果合わせることで、日本の防災・復旧・復興事業の特徴を国際的な復興デザインの議論の枠組みへ接続する準備を進めている。引き続き復興事業過程を考慮した取り組み連関型の復興デザイン手法の提案に向けたフレームワークの構築を進める予定である。

Based on the fieldwork in the southern coastal area of Iwate Prefecture, we gained important findings including (1) a reservoir-centered community formation model in Otomo-cho, Rikuzentakata, (2) patterns of tsunami evacuation behavior in the Chilean earthquake and Great East Japan Earthquake in Otomo-cho and Ryori, and (3) the relationship between road development and the changes in location of dwellings and land use based on aerial photographs. In addition, interdisciplinary studies were initiated, which included one on tsunami evacuation behavior by a collaboration between folklorists and a scholar of disaster studies. The result of this research was handed to local residents in the form of a booklet.