This research defines a "collective town" as a town in which the functions of housing are extended to the community and these functions are shared by local residents, and attempts to clarify the significance of this definition and the factors that contribute to its establishment. This research is a practical study that uses the Kitashiba district of Minoh City, where it is specifically being developed, as its field. It was found that the density of community ties increased.

This study focused on residents' changes in space-use and behavior due to moving from the old assisted living home to the new one. Behavior tracking survey and interview with residents were carried out at both homes. 1) As residents became accustomed to the new environment, they realized merits of private rooms. 2) Most residents appreciated group living, but the risk of small-scale living is that interpersonal problems can increase. 3) There are great differences among individuals in changes in space-use and behavior. 4) At the old home, roommates affected residents' space-use and behavior.

The interactions of the aged were considered to be essential for aging in place. This research was based on surveys of the aged living in a depopulated region where the changes were more drastic. 1. Families, relatives, friends and neighbors had different functions to support the aged. Welfare services not only supported their living but also lessened their loneliness. 2. In winter, interactions tended to decrease because of heavy snowfall, but in some cases they increased because the aged had more free time, or their families visited more frequently to support them for shopping, snow shoveling and so on. 3. According to aging, interactions tended to decrease.

The SHIMODERA-NITTO improved dwellings were built by the slum clearance program before World War II. The aim of this study is to analyze the management and occupation of the common space of the dwellings. From the study followings are summarized. The common exterior space is occupated by extensions of private commodities. The ways of occupation are decided by the dwellers' consciousness and by the type and story of the dwellings. The levels of the occupation of the common space are divided into five, and the ways of use are discussed.

The SHIMODERA-NITTO Improved Dwellings were built by a slum clearance program before World War II. They are the only buildings that still remain. The object of this study is first to place these dwellings as the historically important program in urban planning, and second to analyze the drastic changing of living space by extension, called "DASHIYA". This study made it clear that this dwellings were a model of housing policy in Osaka before the War, and that under the special restriction dwellers extended house for the purpose of improving the small house to adapt to changing of life style.

The Kamagasaki area of Osaka City has a high concentration of simple lodging houses and has long been an area that has received day laborers. After the collapse of the bubble economy, the homeless problem became more serious and the area was transformed into a "welfare town," but in recent years, the number of foreign backpackers has increased rapidly, and the area is now undergoing development. Historically, this area has functioned as an "intermediate residence" that transcends the limited single function of housing and accommodations, and is a practical phenomenon that indicates the future of housing and citys in society.

本研究では、構造的に生活困窮者集住地域とされてきた被差別部落において、地域福祉実現や差別解消などの取り組みの拠点としての機能を果たしてきた隣保館の役割に着目する。 特別措置としての同和対策事業が2002年に終了して20年経つが、この間に、格差や貧困の問題は社会全体の課題となり、生活困窮者自立支援法の施行（2015年施行、2018年改正）や社会福祉法の一部改正（2021年）がおこなわれ、地域共生社会の実現に向けた諸施策が展開されている。他方で、2016年には、障害者差別解消法、ヘイトスピーチ解消法、部落差別解消推進法、いわゆる差別解消三法が相次いで施行され、その他の人権課題についても同様の法整備の動きがあり、よりいっそうの差別解消に向けた教育・啓発の取り組みが求められている。また、2021年には、今般の新型コロナウイルスの感染拡大を受けて「改正新型インフルエンザ特措法」が、近年に各地で立て続けに発生している地震や水害などの災害をふまえて「改正災害対策基本法」がそれぞれ施行された。 こうしたなか、社会福祉法にもとづく第二種社会福祉事業施設としての隣保館の役割はますます重要になってきていると言える。地域福祉課題を解決するための相談・支援、あらゆる差別解消に向けた教育・啓発、災害時における避難場所の提供や相談・支援といった役割を果たす地域拠点のひとつとして、隣保館は位置づけることができるだろう。 そのような問題意識のもと、上記の諸々の一般施策に隣保館がどのように位置づいているのか、また位置づけることが可能であるのかを検証するために、2021年度は全国の隣保館（814館）とその設置自治体（382市町村）を対象にして、質問紙調査を実施した。最終的に、それぞれ半数を超える回答（58.0％、54.2％）があり、現在（2022年度）集計・分析作業を進めているところである。

This study aimed to clarify two points. First, we tried to grasp the realities of needy people in Buraku(Dowa Districts) today where social difficulties are aggregated. Second, we organized and examined the problem and the possibility of the consultation and the support system which have been carried out conventionally in the Rinpokan(settlement house) etc. At that time, we followed the trend of the "Independent Support Act for the needy people", which was enforced in April 2015. In addition, based on these results, we conducted an action research in a single Buraku, and so we proposed concrete support system for the needy people in the region.

This research focused on the creation of new methods, and mechanisms for inner city regeneration and shed light on the reality of services and livelihood support, associated with dynamics of the housing market for singleton. While the existing housing stock is (re-)used in multiple ways, for instance as welfare apartments, residential guesthouses, holiday rentals (AirBnB), and small individual stores, these new applications do not lead to gentrification in the inner city. In contrast, they turned out to be effective methods to provide a living environment, featuring both, affordability and proper housing standards, appropriate for socially vulnerable people and foreign residents. For these new applications real estate agents fulfill an important role, by becoming keypersons for the provision of livelihood support, and by introducing a new real estate management system to the inner city, enabling socially resilience of vulnerable people and physical resilience of the built environment.

The study looks into development processes of communities wherein disaster-affected members extend mutual support each other for their livelihood reconstruction after the catastrophe. It covers 5 municipalities in Tohoku's 3 prefectures. It became evident that instrumental to the rebirth of such communities was the existence of places of casual gathering and social interactions and of key persons coordinating people to be linked together. The study also found that such intermediary organizations as a prefectural promotional office for local support centers, non profit corporations and planning consultants, together contributed multi-level support, from in and outside the affected areas, which effectively resulted in area-specific responses and human resource development.

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