In Japan, except for the part of the cold regions, it is common for the air-conditioning to be used only in the room where residents are there. Thus, large temperature difference is likely to occur between the rooms. The temperature difference has been pointed out as one of the causes of the heat shock. It is effective to use the 24-hours central air-conditioning system in order to eliminate the temperature difference. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze electricity rate and power consumption of 24-hours central air-conditioning system in warm region on the basis of long-term measurement for a detached house.

Because the current air-conditioning load calculation method does not consider the resident's thermal sensation directly, the relationship between the resident's thermal sensation and the load is not clear at the stage of air conditioning system design. To solve this problem, we have shown a new calculation method which can calculate the load by considering the resident's thermal sensation. So far, we have investigated only the sensible heat load calculation model on this new calculation method, but in this paper, we showed a latent heat load calculation model, and obtained the following results. 1) If the air-conditioning load computed by the current method is processed at the optimum point, indoor temperature and humidity are controlled to their set points, but resident's thermal sensation may not be maintained at comfortable range. However, if the load computed by this new method is removed completely, even if indoor temperature and humidity changes, resident's thermal sensation will be maintained at comfortable range. 2) After maintaining demanded thermal sensation, the rate of sensible heat load and latent heat load can be changed as necessary, and the load reduction effect can also be expected.

A study on natural cooling system by rainwater and underground heat with ready-made drums in a wooden experimental house is as follows. First, the temperature of rainwater before an experiment was about 15 degrees. Next, water temperature withdrew to about 16 degrees by underground heat in about 3 days after experiment. As a result of having used control of pump and tank, the room temperature maintained 24 - 29 degrees. And PMV maintained less than ±1. But, only by control of tank, we cannot continue this system.

Because current load calculation method cannot show the relation between the clothing and the air-conditioning load definitely, the load reduction effect of the WARM BIZ and the COOLBIZ is not analyzed enough. In previous studies, we have presented a new load calculation method called "air-conditioning load calculation method considering thermal sensation of residents" for the load calculation. This paper analyzed the possibility of the quantitative evaluation on load reduction effect of the WARM BIZ and the COOL BIZ using this new load calculation method. The following results were obtained. (1) The new load calculation method is effective in the quantitative evaluation of load reduction effect of the WARM BIZ and the COOL BIZ. (2) Air-conditioning load when the WARM BIZ and the COOL BIZ is performed is 16% lower than the load in case of clothing 1.0clo, and 8% lower than the case of clothing 0.8clo. (3) In order to keep the PMV at zero, required minimum indoor temperature in the case of clothing 1.0clo is about 21°C in summer, but by utilizing the COOL BIZ, the temperature can be risen up to about 25°C. (4) In order to keep the PMV at zero, required maximum indoor temperature in the case of clothing 0.6clo is about 28°C in winter, by utilizing the WARM BIZ, the temperature drops to about 25°C.

In the past study, it was made clear that the load calculation method considering thermal sensation could calculate air conditioning load in consideration of spatial distribution of thermal sensation. However, even if air conditioning load is handled without overs and shorts because the load calculation method is not intended to cancel difference in thermal sensation in the room, thermal sensation at the examination point is kept by the required value, but thermal sensation at other points is not kept by the value that is similar to an examination point. Therefore there is concern that thermal sensation at the point except the examination point may be worsened by conditions adversely. This paper established an examination point and the reference point in the room and compared the difference of thermal sensation at the reference point with the examination point. The following results were obtained. 1) The difference of thermal sensation occurs between an examination point and a reference point, but the difference can be controlled in an acceptable range. 2) In convective air conditioning, the difference of thermal sensation does not almost occur. 3) In radiant air conditioning, the difference of thermal sensation changes by radiant panel position and required thermal sensation of examination point.

Currently, the air-conditioning load is calculated for transmission heat flow from the wall surfaces to indoor air because the air-conditioning load is defined for the heat flow that it should supply indoor air with to keep a fixed room temperature. Even if the air-conditioning load calculated based on this definition is removed precisely, the room temperature become constant, but the comfort of the resident is affected by the climatic condition and will change theoretically. The present writer showed a paper on air-conditioning load calculation method considering thermal sensation of the resident to solve this problem. In the new air-conditioning load calculation method, in order to maintain PMV of a certain place at a preset value, the heat flow which should be removed from indoor air or the wall surfaces is defined as air-conditioning load. Until now, the algorithm of this new load calculation method was explained. However the influence on the air-conditioning load of building insulation specifications, resident position and air conditioning system was not examined in detail. This paper analyzes influence of insulation specifications, resident location and air conditioning system on load calculated using the new calculation method.

[Synopsis] Although the buildings which use a wall radiation heating system have been increasing recently, there are few papers about it. When indoor PMV was kept a constant value, the vrtical temperature distribution of wall radiant heating and the air conditioner heating was examined by experiments, and the following results were shown in this paper. (1)When indoor PMV is maintained by the same value, vertical temperature distribution of wall radiant heating (panel surface temperature 41℃ and 45℃) is larger than air conditioner heating (setting room temperature 22℃ and 24℃). (2)Air conditioner heating tends to produce horizontal temperature distribution than wall radiant heating. (3)Vertical temperature distribution of wall radiant heating is almost fixed regardless of the temperature of a radiant panel.

Until now, we suggested a new load calculation method which considered thermal sensation of the resident based on a point of view of comfort air conditioning. By this new load calculation method, the load is calculated for thermal energy to remove by the room to keep PMV of the indoor specific place a set point. By this new air-conditioning load calculation method, air-conditioning load changes by PMV given beforehand. Until now, the new load calculation method which set PMV of the indoor specific place a set point to zero was examined. In this paper, in order to examine the possibility of the load reduction by this new air-conditioning load calculation method, fixed tolerance level was set as PMV of the indoor specific place a set point, and the case studies ware performed. The calculation results showed that the annual load could carry out 32-44% reduction by setting tolerance level of PMV to ±0.5 compared with the present load calculation method.

[Abstract] In this paper, CFD analysis of floor radiant heating and the wall radiant heating was carried out using a detailed experiment house model. The results are shown below. 1) When the outdoor air temperature is 1 degree Celsius, the comfort of the residence area cannot be kept only with a wall heating panel of 40 degrees Celsius. 2) In the residence area, a floor heating of 28 degrees Celsius may become more comfortable than wall heating of 40 degrees Celsius. 3) If a wall panel is used together with a floor panel effectively even if water supply temperature is a little lower than wall heating, indoor heat environment is improved.

A study on natural heating and cooling system in a wooden experimental house is as follows. First, we made a floor cooling experiment with the rainwater cooled by underground heat in summer. Next, we made a floor heating experiment with the rainwater warmed by solar heat in winter. As a result, in summer the temperature on the floor fell by about 2 degrees and in winter rose by about 10 degrees.

Currently,the air-conditioningload is calculated for transmissionthermalenergy fromthe wall surfacestoindoor air because theair-conditioning loadisdefinedforthe thermal energythat it should supplyindoor air with to keepafixed roomtemperature. Theair-conditioningload calculated in this waybecomesthe functionofthe room temperature set point and is unrelatedtothermalsensation ofthe resident.This paper suggested a new load calculation method which consideredthermalsensation of the residentbasedon a pointof viewof comfort air conditioning. By this new load calculation method,theload iscalculated for thermalenergy to removeby theroomto keep PMV ofthe indoor specificplace a setpoint. However,inintermittentair-conditioning system, theloadoccurs greatly to controlPMV in a set point in a shorttime.This paperis aimedat examining the effectivenessof the new loadcalculation method in intermittentair-conditioningsystem.

In the current air-conditioning load calculation, the relation between air-conditioning load and thermal sensation of the resident is uncertain in design stage, because the air-conditioning load is calculated regardless the thermal sensation of resident. This paper showed a new air-conditioning load calculation method that considered the thermal sensation of the resident. The results of case study are the following. 1) The new load calculation method can calculate air-conditioning load for a function of the resident thermal sensation. The results of case study showed the new load calculation method has high load more than 20% in comparison with the current load calculation method. 2) In this new load calculation method, the heat extraction rate from indoor air or walls is calculated as air-conditioning load to maintain thermal sensation of the resident. 3) In this new load calculation method, air-conditioning load changes by the position of the resident. The results of case study showed the difference became about 6%.

本文では、空調システムの省エネルギー運用方策を提示する際の有効な手法の一つと考えられる熱源インバータ制御について概説し、空調システムシミュレーションと実測結果によって、インバータの制御効果を検討した。

本文では、実測とシミュレーション両面からインバータ制御の導入効果を検討し、以下の知見を得た。①熱源機器にインバータ制御を導入した場合、ある程度の周波数までは効率が向上するが、必ずしも周波数を落とすほど効率が向上するわけではない。②熱源機器インバータ特性には機器ごとに若干の個体差が見られる。

シミュレーションを用いて試算した結果、熱源機器と1 次ポンプにインバータ制御を導入することによって蓄熱空調システムで5％、非蓄熱空調システムで20％の効率向上が図れることがわかった。

本文では、蓄熱空調システムと非蓄熱空調システムを対象に実測調査を行い、熱源インバータ制御を用いた最適運用の導入効果を検討した。その結果、蓄熱空調システム、非蓄熱空調システムとも熱源COP、1 次側COP に大きな向上が確認された。

本文では、空調システムのシミュレーションを構築するうえで必要とされる詳細な資料を得るため、熱源機器、1 次ポンプ、2 次ポンプ、そして空調機ファンについてインパーク特性実験を行い、その結果を報告した。

実測とシミュレーション両面から、空調システムの熱源インバータ制御による省エネルギー効果を確認した。（英文）

本文では、空調システムシミュレーションを用いて蓄熱・非蓄熱の各システムにおける冷房運転時の熱源インバータ制御効果を試算し、インバータ制御の有効性を確認した。

本文では、蓄熱空調システムと非蓄熱空調システムを対象に実測調査を行い、熱源インバータ制御を用いた最適運用の導入効果を検討した。

本文では、確度の高いシミュレーションを構築するうえで必要とされる詳細な資料を得るため、熱源機器、1次ポンプ、2次ポンプ、空調機ファンについてインバータ特性実験を行い、その結果を報告した。

空調システムシミュレーションのため、逐次状態遷移法を利用して多数階建ての事務所ビルについて計算モデルを作成し、計算モデルの概要および計算精度についてを検討した。

本研究は、わが国の一般的な木造住宅に採用可能な太陽熱、雨水、地中熱による自然冷暖房システムの開発を行うものである。特に、雨水を地下に貯めて地中熱を蓄える装置として、既製品のドラム缶を連結した独自のシステムの有効性を確認することが本研究の特徴である。研究では、実物大の木造実験住宅を用いて、太陽熱で温めた雨水による暖房と、地中熱で冷やした雨水による冷房の実験を行い、夏と冬の冷暖房実験を実施した。この時、タンク切り替え自動制御盤の修理とバルブの調整などを行った。その結果、真夏日であっても、このシステムで継続冷房することができることがわかった。冬は暖房可能な時期について把握することができた。

現在の空調負荷計算法は、負荷計算の段階では居住者の温冷感を十分に考慮していない問題がある。この問題に対し、筆者は、空調負荷を再定義し、現在の負荷計算法を包含できる新しい負荷計算法として「居住者の温冷感を考慮した空調負荷計算法」を提案した。これまでは、この新しい計算法について一連のケーススタディーを行い、その有効性を明らかにした。 本研究では、エアコンと壁放射パネルについて、温度センサーの設置位置や温度設定値の違いによる投入熱量を測定し、投入熱量と新しい負荷計算法で予測した結果との整合性を分析して「温冷感法」の有効性を確認した。

現行の負荷計算法は、一定の空気温度が維持されたときに壁体などから室内空気への伝達熱量を負荷としているため、負荷と居住者の快適性との関係が設計段階では明確でない。本研究は、居住者の温冷感と負荷との関係を設計段階で定量的に把握できる、新しい空調負荷計算法を提案し、その有効性をシミュレーションにより明らかにした。また、居住者と放射パネルとの距離の違いによる暖房投入熱量の変化についても実験で検討した。