広島県産かき殻粉末を原料に用いて，リン酸3ナトリウム12水和物をバインダーに用いた熱加圧成形法とキトサンの酢酸溶液をバインダーに用いた成形硬化法により硬化体を作成した．かき殻粉末を原料に用いると試薬を用いるよりも容易に耐水性の硬化体が作成できることが分った．

軽質マグネシアとχアルミナを192時間メカノケミカル処理し反応性を向上させた原料を用いて，恒温示差熱分析法によりスピネルの生成過程を熱分析的手法により解析した．

低結晶性酸化マグネシウムとγアルミナおよびχアルミナを用いたメカノケミカル反応により，スピネルを合成する反応を検討した．粉末X線回折から，χアルミナを用いた場合，24時間粉砕によりアルミナの生成温度が600℃まで低下することが分かった．示差熱分析よりスピネルの生成に基づくと考えられる，緩やかな発熱反応が進行していることが分かった．χアルミナを用いた場合，100時間以上の粉砕によりスピネルが雲母に近い水和物を経由して，室温で生成する可能性があることが分かった．

Current specifications of smelter grade aluminas represent a compromise between properties that are critical in performance and those that can be readily and reproducibly measured. Therefore these specifications often provide only indirect information on the quality and consistency of the alumina. Central to this is the problem that the phases that dominate SGA are largely poorly crystalline and difficult to characterise transition aluminas, which vary with calcining technology. Rietveld refinement of standard X-ray powder diffraction data has allowed us to explore a new model for the transition aluminas especially the gamma phase, optimized for SGA. In this model the structure of gamma alumina was assumed to consist of an fcc lattice of oxygen, with relatively fixed proportions of Al in the 4 fold and 6 fold sites of a perfect spinel structure. Al is also found in 4 fold and 6 fold interstitial sites, with up to 20% hydrogen substituted for Al. A satisfactory model also requires the inclusion of a low crystalline theta alumina phase in order to account for very broad but specific contributions to the background. Attempts have also been made to better define the location and role of the structural hydroxide, component. Neutron diffraction studies which are far more sensitive to the oxygen sub-lattice and the hydrogens, have thus been undertaken to compare smelter grade aluminas with models for the better defined transition alumina phases previously reported.

For cleaning-up the water quality of artificial non-fecal drainage, surface-treated porous bodies made of glass beads were used as carriers for microorganisms which have biological activity for the mitigation of pollutants in the water. The influence of chemical species used for coating the bodies and also the texture of the treated surface on the effectiveness of the mitigation of pollution was examined. Coating with calcium silicate, iron oxide and calcium oxide decreased CODMn of the artificial drainage significantly, thus indicating effectiveness for the mitigation of the pollution. The size of cavities which were generated as voids in the three dimensional arrangement of the differently-sized glass beads also affected the effectiveness of the pollution mitigation though the effectiveness was limited. It was concluded that chemical composition of the surface was the most important factor in acting as the carrier of the microorganisms.

Hydrothermal reaction of fly ash and slaked lime produces a porous briquette which is composed of amorphous calcium silicate, a tobermorite-like compound and hydrogarnet. It is essential for the molar ratio (calcium oxide)/(silicon dioxide) of the briquette to be 0.3 to achieve high performance in the purification of wastewater through improved microorganism-carrying ability. The chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) index in artificial, non-fecal drainage decreases more rapidly with the use of the briquettes than that without the briquettes. The macroscopic configuration of the briquettes is an important factor in the water-purification ability, although the high specific surface area of the briquettes does not affect the performance. By increasing the circulation flow rate of the wastewater, the purification performance is improved considerably.

放射光とダイアモンドアンビルを用いて 60GPa までの圧力領域で､ MnRhP と MnRhAs の構造相転移を検討した｡ 34GPa 付近で六方晶から､ 斜方晶への相転移が発生し､ Mn 同志の交換相互作用が正から負へと変化していることによると考えられた｡

Hydrothermal reaction of fly ash with slaked lime produces a porous briquette which is composed of amorphous calcium silicate, tobermorite and hydrogarnet. The molar ratio (calcium oxide)/(silicon dioxide), 0.3 in the synthesized briquette is essential for obtaining high ability for carrying microorganism. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (GOD) indices in an artificial non-fecal drainage conducted with the porous briquette decrease more rapidly than those conducted with concrete blocks; decrease behavior in the use of the briquettes is similar to that in the use of activated charcoal. The briquette samples inoculated at low and medium temperatures are effective in cleaning up water at low and medium temperatures, respectively X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the briquette samples ensure that these samples are covered with biological membrane. These results indicate that the calcium silicate briquette produced from fly ash can be effectively used as a carrier of microorganism for the prevention of water pollution.

The pyrolysis process of basic calcium carbonate (BCC) in air was studied by TG-DTA and high temperature X-ray diffractometry, and obtained results were compared with our previous results in a flowing N2 gas. The decomposition of Ca(OH)2 and calcite was observed at higher temperatures than those in a flowing N2 gas. An exothermic peak appeared in DTA around 370°C before the decomposition of Ca(OH)2. The difference between the results in air and in a flowing N2 gas was caused by carbonation of intermediate products by al slight amount of CO2 in air. The carbonation was promoted by H2O. The exothermic peak around 370°C was attributed to the crystallization of CaCO3.

Mnハイドロタルサイト触媒を合成し、酸化触媒としての機能をアルコールの酸化反応から評価した。

ハイドロタルサイトの陰イオンを置換し，担持金属ヘの影響，触媒能の変化を検討した．担持金属には，Ru,Pd,Mnについて検討した．

一般的な火成岩土壌（長石，石英が主成分）に水熱処理を施し，ゼオライト化することを検討した．水熱前に水酸化ナトリウム水溶液によるスラリーで長時間粉砕することにより，土壌の反応性をあげることにより，カンクリナイト，フィリプサイトが生成し，その生成温度領域を検討した．

遷移アルミナとマグネシアの混合物を粉砕し，メカノケミカル反応を誘発しスピネルの合成温度を低下することを検討した．スピネルは800℃から生成することを確認した．この粉末は焼結性はあるが，一層の緻密化は難しいと思われる．

スメルターグレイド・アルミナ（SGA）を粉末X 線結晶構造解析法で特性付ける方法を検討した。主成分であるガンマアルミナの結晶構造を決定した。SGA 中の低結晶度相は低結晶性のシータアルミナで近似できることを示した。

(1)水熱合成:CuGeO_3組成に混合したCuO、GeO_2を180℃、その温度での飽和水蒸気圧(10気圧)で水熱処理し、反応物を得た。この物質の粉末X線回析結果は、焼成法によるCuGeO_3のパタ-ンと良く似ており、構造的にはCuGeO_3の類似物と考えられた。しかし、新たな反射が低角に出ていること、結晶の色が焼成法によるCuGeO_3と異なることなどから、CuGeO_3とは別物質と判断された。この物質のIR測定の結果から、構造内に水を含有していると予想されたが、X線回析パタ-ンの指数付け、結晶形の決定までには致らなかった。(2)固溶体の合形:Breuer等の報告では、CuGeO_3へのSiの固溶は水熱条件下、1kbという高圧下でのみ可能とされている。しかし、Si源としてコロイダルシリカを用いることにより、通常の焼成法でも合成できることが判明した。この様に、常圧下で合成できるということは、今後フラックス法などにより常圧下で、単結晶を育成し、単結晶構造解析にまで進める可能性が示された。固溶体の格子定数を正確に決定するため、粉末X線回析デ-タ-をWPPD法により解析した(Programed by Toraya.1988).この結果、Cu(Ge_<1-x>.Si_x)O_3の格子定数は、a軸=8.475+0.145(7)×x、b軸=2.943-0.065(4)×x、c軸=4.801-0.082(2)×x(単位A)、単位胞体積=119.74-2.7(1)×x(単位A^3)と表せることが分かった。また固溶限界は、格子定数変化の特異性よりx=0.4付近にあると判断された。イオン半径の小さなSiを固溶させているにもかかわらずa軸がSiの増加とともに伸びた原因は、8面体位置にあるCuのヤンテラ-効果が、固溶体の構造を安定化するため、大きくなったからと考えられる。(4)熱膨張係数:熱膨張係数の測定は、大阪大学の既設の装置を用いて行う予定にしていたが、担当教官の移動に伴い装置に付属の温度調整部が移管されたため、測定できなかった。

Research of the crystal structure and texture of the minerals are necessary for understanding the dynamical phenomena in earth sciences. A new analytical system is designed for the observation of the crystal structure change in the process of the phase transformations, decomposition, melting, recrystallizaton in response to the variation of the physical, conditions, pressure and temperature and stress surround the earth materials. For these research we have developed the following new systems : (1) Angular dispersive measurement for time-resolved diffraction study A new system for time-resolved studies under pressure was composed of four-circle diffractometer with a position sensitive detector having an working angular region of 120^ﾟ and of computer aided measurement and control system. A high photon count efficiency is a large advantage for high pressure X-ray diffraction studies. (2) High pressure apparatus A diamond anvil with an oil-pressure controller was installed on the four-circle diffractometer set on the rotated anode X-ray generator. Pressure was finely controlled by a sensor and measured by the ruby fluorescence method and equation state of internal standard sample of NaCl based on the compressibility. Result 1. Kinetics of polymorphic transition of GeO_2 from hexagonal (quartz-type P321, z=3) to tetragonal (rutile type P4/mmm, z=2) various temperatures under pressure. (1) Hexagonal GeO_2 was transformed to the amorphous phase at 7GPa and 62ﾟC but easily transformed to rutile structure at 85^ﾟC and 0.6GPa. The amorphous phase was successively retained up to 25GPa at room temperature. (2) Full width half maximums (FWHM) of the diffraction peaks became linearly broadened due to reducing crystallite size, indicating the enhancement of the finer-domain. Integrated diffraction intensities were decreased with pressure. (3) A local structure around Ge ion in the quenched amorphous phase was analyzed by EXAFS and Raman spectra at room condition. It was elucidated that amorphous phase was partly composed of 6-fold coordinated Ge ions and that the structure was quite different from that of melted-glass. (4) The amorphous phase was confirmed to be thermodynamically metastable. 2. Dehydration Process of Ca (OH) _2 and Mg (OH) _2 A time-resolved observation of the dehydration process was undertaken by energy dispersive diffraction using tungsten rotated anode X-ray and synchrotron radiation. The in situ measurements of the spectra up to 900^ﾟC were carried out by intrinsic Ge SSD in the energy range 10keV-40kev. Integrated intensities obtained by the profile fitting provide the mass ratio of oxide products to hydrates.